1. Clean Vehicles Possibilities and Barriers Jonas Ericson City of Stockholm Environment & Health department Jonas.Ericson@miljo.stockholm.se

2. The Problem

4. 0 500 1000 1500 1860 1880190019201940196019802000202020402060 Global energy scenario exajoules Copyright- Shell International Petroleum Surprise Geothermic Sun Biomass Wind Nuclear Hydropower Other gases Oil & natural gas Coal Wood +2% per.år.

5. The Solution?

6. The ultimate Clean vehicle?

7. The vehicles are here! More than 75 vehicle models of different types and fuels in EU

8. The fuels are here Ethanol Biogas Biodiesel CNG Substitution potential today 30 % Potential tomorrow 60-70 % Hybrid technology potential 30 %

9. The Chicken & Egg Dilemma No vehicles No buyers No fuelling

10. Who’s Problem?

11. Neutral informationNeutral information Vehicle ownersVehicle owners Buyers of transportsBuyers of transports IncentivesIncentives InfrastructureInfrastructure CITIES AND REGIONS Fuel producerFuel producer

12. The AFV development chain Municipal fleet 1-2 models 1 fuel stn Company fleets + 1-2 models +1-2 fuel stn Private companies Many models Full fuelling infrastructure Private citizens AFV like any other choice

13. Market introduction of new technology early adopters most buyers late adopters market size time Support needed 5 %

14. Stockholm Bus fleet on ethanol & biogas Waste trucks on biogas City fleet on biogas, ethanol & hybrid

15. The Barriers

16. High costs Increase the market! Buy many! = co-operate! Clean vehicles are expensive Technology development Educate sellers Educate maintenance Spare part chain + SMALL market

17. Joint procurement u Electric vehicles in Zeus - 500 u Ford Focus Ethanol - 3 000 u Clean vehicles in Trendsetter 5 000 Introduction on market 10-50 % Lower price Doubling fuel stations 

18. Greening transportation by procuring : u Clean Vehicles u Entrepreneurs working for the public –transport services for the municipality –public transport –waste collection –taxis driving for the public

19. Biogas : 7 + 5 Ethanol : 26 + 6 Fast charging : 6 Normal charging : 40 Fuelling

20. No congestion charges No/Reduced parking fees Green procurement Test fleet Taxi priority Subsidies for special vehicles Tax discounts on fuels & cars  Permission to use bus lanes  Access to restricted areas  Designated parking spaces Incentives

21. Information u Campaigns u Demonstration events u Advertising u Newspapers, TV u Web u Telephone advise

22. The national level u Long term (8-12 years) tax reductions on alternative fuels u Long term tax reductions on vehicles u Government procurement of alternative fuelled vehicles u Definition of alternative fuelled vehicles –Free parking –Free driving in congestion charging zone –Other incentives

23. The Results

24. Sold AFVs in Stockholm Prognosis by sellers

25. Clean vehicles in Stockholm Jan 2005

26. 225 + 160

27. Conclusions Cities and regions can set off the development - today! Use yor procurement power - require transport services to be clean Increase your procurement power - cooperate!

28. The Future

29. Bioethanol for Sustainable Transport 10 000 vehicles 10 cities 150 fuelling stations Improved production

30. BIOGAS as vehicle fuel - MArket eXpansion to 2020 Biogas production in 6 cities Biogas Highway 25 000 vehicles

31. New and Innovative Concepts for Helping European transport Sustainability What? Gather best practise and extract the essence Assess the transferability Spread the word Non-polluting & energy efficient vehicles u Policy strategy to deploy private AFVs u Biogas in captive fleets u Joint procurement of AFVs www.niches-transport.org

32. If you are looking for clean road transporation… - Listen to interesting speakers - Discuss possible solutions - Try new technique - Meet: producers buyers users decision makers Stockholm 8-10 november For up-to-date information, visit www.cleanvehicles.net

34. Miljöbilar i Sthlm Environmental performance of alternative fuels (LCA) BioDiesel LPG CNG Global effect (C0 2 ) Local Emissions (NOx, HC, PM) Source: Miljöfaktabok för bränslen, IVL Svenska miljöinstitutet 2001 Diesel Petrol Ethano l Electric Electric hybrid Fuel Cell Biogas

35. Biogas potentials as % of all vehicle fuel ( conventional organic waste, use of currently set-aside land, assumed 8 % of annual forest growth)

36. A summary of EU-15 biogas potential (Eurostat base data, plus certain assumptions)