1. Dr. Nihad Almughany- Theory of Architecture 1 Dr. Nihad Almughany University of Palestine Faculty of Applied Engineering and Urban Planning Dept. of Architecture, Interior Design & Planning Theory of Architecture ( EADP 222 ) Lecture 1

2. Dr. Nihad Almughany- Theory of Architecture 2 Part I : PRINCIPLES OF ARCHITECTURAL PROCESS Lecture 1: Architectural Elements, design process and creativity Theoriy of Architecture : – A theoritical, scientific, criticism and phylosophical explanation and discussions for all issues related to architecture. It is a linking for all materials that the student takes in his/her studies. By understanding the theories of architecture, the student gains a conception and capability to judge, criticise and soundly assess. Therefore, the student will be more capable to solve architectural problems and projects that he/she faces and to initiate an original architecture that is suitable for the surrounding conditions.

3. Dr. Nihad Almughany- Theory of Architecture 3 Lecture 1: Architectural Elements, design process and creativity: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN : FIELDS OF ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN ( BUILDING TYPES: –Residential buildings : individual, detached, housing projects …etc –Work buildings : institutional, administrative, commercial, industrial, health, educational, services –Transportation buildings : stations, airports, cross borders..etc –Sports buildings : playgrounds, stadiums, …etc

4. Dr. Nihad Almughany- Theory of Architecture 4 Lecture 1: Architectural Elements, design process and creativity: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN : *FIELDS OF ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN ( BUILDING TYPES ( cont.): –Recreational buildings: clubs, theatres, casinos,..etc. –Worship buildings: mosques, churches, …etc. –Monumental buildings: triumphal vault, tombs, cemeteries,..etc –Military buildings: camps, fortresses,..etc. –Civil structures: storages, bridges, water tanks,…etc –Interior design and exterior design.

5. Dr. Nihad Almughany- Theory of Architecture 5 Lecture 1: Architectural Elements, design process and creativity: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN : BUILDING ELEMENTS: –Functional elements: rooms and functional spaces –Circulation elements :approach, walks, links between buildings, colonnades, porch, portico, gallery, entrance hall, lobby, corridor, stairs, lefts, escalators –Service elements : service court, servants and guards rooms, laundry, garages, storages. –Ventilation elements : open court, inner court, balconies, windows, ventilation shaft.

6. Dr. Nihad Almughany- Theory of Architecture 6 Lecture 1: Architectural Elements, design process and creativity: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN : * BUILDING ELEMENTS ( cont. ) –Structural elements :walls, foundations, columns, slabs, domes, vaults, trusses, shells –Beauty elements : external surfaces, fences, roofs, interiors, gardens –Safety elements : Protection from climate (external surfaces, sheds), protection from seeing ( curtains, walls trees ), protection from dangers ( fire escape, shelters, doors ) * NOTE : One building element could play many functions

7. Dr. Nihad Almughany- Theory of Architecture 7 Lecture 1: Architectural Elements, design process and creativity: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN : ARCHITECTURAL CREATIVITY : –Creativity means thinking differently and producing unusual and creative ideas and solutions for architectural problems. –Creative solutions could be in all or some of building process Design, Construction or Operation.

8. Dr. Nihad Almughany- Theory of Architecture 8 Lecture 1: Architectural Elements, design process and creativity: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN : CONDITIONS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE IN BUILDINGS: First : Utility ( Functionalism ): –Measures and dimensions of spaces and furniture. –Sun and Ventilation. –Functional relationships. –Lighting. –Relationship with the surroundings.

9. Dr. Nihad Almughany- Theory of Architecture 9 Lecture 1: Architectural Elements, design process and creativity: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN : CONDITIONS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE IN BUILDINGS: Second : Firmness ( Strength ): –Building loads –Wind pressure. –Vibrations. –Earthquakes. –Wear and tear. –Decay. –Building materials. –Building and material specifications.

10. Dr. Nihad Almughany- Theory of Architecture 10 Lecture 1: Architectural Elements, design process and creativity: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN : CONDITIONS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE IN BUILDINGS: Third : Beauty : –Form. –Composition. –Use of glorious materials. –Texture. –Colors. –Ornaments and decoration. –Scale and proportions.

11. Dr. Nihad Almughany- Theory of Architecture 11 Lecture 1: Architectural Elements, design process and creativity: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN : CONDITIONS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE IN BUILDINGS: Fourth : Economy –Simplicity. –Accurate spaces –Suitable materials –Building shape and form –Construction techniques. –Efficiency. –Speed.

12. Dr. Nihad Almughany- Theory of Architecture 12 Lecture 1: Architectural Elements, design process and creativity: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN : STAGES OF ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN: –Analytical studies ( subject, program, site ) –Site visit ( site investigation- surroundings ). –Elementary design (depends on the studies done, concept ). –Architectural drawings. –Discussion with the owner and owner feed in. –Working drawings.

13. Dr. Nihad Almughany- Theory of Architecture 13 Lecture 1: Architectural Elements, design process and creativity: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN : FACTORS AFFECTING ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN: –Physical Factors: geographical, geological, climatic. –Social and Civic Factors: social, religious, historical. –Science: materials, technology, structural analysis. –Industry: –Economy: