2. DIVERSITY Numbers about 80% of all animals are arthropods estimated to be over 30 million arthropods far more of them than all other metazoan species combined in virtually every conceivable environment: marine, terrestrial, freshwater, and aerial habitats. Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Trilobita (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata Subphylum Crustacea Subphylum Uniramia (insects)

3. a heterogeneous taxon with many subtaxa two pairs antennae marine, freshwater, and terrestrial Primarily aquatic Free-floating larval stage 26,000+ known species Subphylum Crustacea

4. PHYLUM ARTHROPODA It is numerically the largest phyla and literally means jointed foot. Class: Crustacea - crab, shrimp, barnacle, and lobster (Florida specie has no claws) 1. Jointed appendages have a variety of specialized functions. 2. The body is covered by an exoskeleton made of chitin. Advantage: good protection, muscles attach to it for strength Disadvantage: heavy and does not grow - animal must molt (shed) exoskeleton and becomes very vulnerable to predators

5. 3.The body has 2 segments - a cephalothorax covered by the carapace and the abdomen. 4. Meroplanktonic larvae don’t compete with adults for food; Metamorphosis provides a gradual change to adult life as Epifauna. 5. An open circulatory system contains a blue pigment called hemocyanin to transport oxygen from the gills to the body.

6. Phylum Arthropoda Exoskeleton of chitin Exoskeleton hardened by calcium carbonate All Crustaceans Molt – shed their exoskeleton Jointed appendages –BODY ADVANCE Subphylum Crustacea Head and thorax fused into cephalothorax 2 pairs of antennae A pair of appendages at each body segment

7. Appendages at each body segment

8. The Strongest Punch

9. ANOSTRACA fairy shrimp and brine shrimp PHYLLOPODA tadpole shrimps, ostracod, water fleas MALACOSTRACA the largest, most heterogeneous, and diverse crustacean taxon shrimps, crabs, lobsters, mantis shrimps, pillbugs, crayfishes COPEPODA copepods enormous ecological importance as planktonic herbivores CIRRIPEDIA barnacles Subphylum Crustacea

10. Gills b. Crustacean Gills crustacean gills are usually associated with appendages blood circulates through the gill and is oxygenated Respiration Reproduction Crab Zoea – Crab Larve Reproduction is sexual Fertilization is external

11. Open Circulatory System Closed Circulatory System

12. Side view of body showing relative position of circulatory (yellow), digestive (green), and nervous (blue) systems. DORSAL BRAIN VENTRAL NERVE CORD NERVOUS SYSTEM

13. Unlike the red pigment hemoglobin, their blood carries copper instead of iron. It makes an excellent medium for long-term laboratory test because it will not support bacterial growth. 6. They have a ventral nerve cord with a well-developed brain and compound eyes. Neurosecretory cells control molting, color changes, food storage and hormones.

14. On the Menu Some Barnacles are eaten as a delicacy Below Left are Percebes – (Gooseneck Barnacles) a popular food in Spain SOFT SHELL CRAB (Pictured at right) Caught just after the crab has molted (Shed its hard shell and before its new shell has calcified)

15. Copepod – small but very significant A Vital Crustacean – They are the link between primary producers (Phytoplankton) and higher level consumers including the baleen whales Their nutrient rich fecal matter also allows for nutrients to be recycled quicker into the ecosystem

16. Barnacle An unusual member of this phylum. Barnacles start as free swimming larve They become sessile suspension feeders as they attach to almost any hard surface such as rocks boats or whales

17. Athropoda

18. Euphausiid Amphipod Ostracod Cladoceran Remember these Bioluminescent creatures?

19. Mysids Mantis Shrimp (Stomatopod) Claws which could shatter an aquariums glass….used to punch holes into bivlave shells Strongest Punch in the World Mantis Shrimp Peacock Mantis Shrimp kills Blue-ringed Octopus

20. Shrimp Crabs

21. Lobsters

22. Hermit Crabs

23. Coconut Crab (hermit crab that doesn’t use shell)

24. Class Merostomata = Horseshoe Crabs Horseshoe-Crabs.com The horseshoe crab has been around for over 500 million years and has changed very little in that time.

25. Class Pycnogonida = Sea Spiders

26. ARTHROPODA Subphylum Crustacea Acorn barnacles (Class Cirripedia) on an intertidal rock jetty in Ft. Pierce, Florida When the barnacles are covered with sea water, the thoracic legs are extended to feed on plankton Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson

27. ARTHROPODA Subphylum Crustacea Zonation of acorn barnacles (lighter color) and mussels (darker color) in a tidepool in Maine This illustrates the intense competition for space among these organisms Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson

28. ARTHROPODA Subphylum Crustacea Red banded coral shrimp (Stenopus hispidus) from Bonaire in the Caribbean Two pairs of long white antennae often mark the hiding place of this cleaning shrimp Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson

29. ARTHROPODA Subphylum Crustacea Yucatan spotted cleaning shrimp (Periclimenes yucatanicus) perched on tentacles of giant anemone (Condylactis gigantea) in Bonaire Cleans parasites from fish skin and gills Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson

30. ARTHROPODA Subphylum Crustacea Pederson’s cleaning shrimp (Periclimenes pedersoni) on star coral (Montastrea annularis) in Bonaire Long white antennae and swaying body attract fish to be cleaned Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson

31. ARTHROPODA Subphylum Crustacea Ventral view of an arrow crab (Stenorhynchus seticornis) from Bonaire in the Caribbean Note eyes on long- pointed rostrum (“narrow”= steno; “nose”= rhynchus) Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson

32. ARTHROPODA Subphylum Crustacea Dorsal view of an arrow crab (Stenorhynchus seticornis) from Bonaire in the Caribbean Note long, thin spider- like legs Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson

33. ARTHROPODA Subphylum Crustacea Gaudy clown crab (Platypodiella spectabilis), a small crab living in coral rubble in Bermuda Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson

34. ARTHROPODA Subphylum Crustacea Channel clinging crab or spider crab (Mithrax spinosissimus) in Belize Found under overhanging ledges during the day, forages in the open at night Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson

35. ARTHROPODA Subphylum Crustacea Land crab (Gecarcinus lateralis) on a beach in Ft. Pierce, Florida Burrows are inland, above the high tide line, but the females come to the water to release their larvae Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson

36. ARTHROPODA Subphylum Crustacea Batwing coral crab (Carpilius corallinus) foraging in the open at night in Bonaire These crabs have been overharvested in many areas of the Caribbean Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson

37. ARTHROPODA Subphylum Crustacea Zoea larva of a crab, found in the plankton in Bermuda Note the rostrum and the large eyes The zoea larva develops into a megalops larva Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson

38. ARTHROPODA Subphylum Crustacea Stareye hermit crab (Dardanus venosus) with anemones on both ends of the shell it carries as a retreat, in Roatan, Honduras Active at night in the Caribbean Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson

39. ARTHROPODA Subphylum Crustacea Giant hermit crab (Petrochirus diogenes) crawling across a sand flat in Belize This is the largest of the Caribbean hermit crabs, with large scaly claws and red and white banded antennae Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson

40. ARTHROPODA Subphylum Crustacea Two Caribbean spiny lobsters (Panulirus argus) in a coral crevice, where they retreat during the day At night, they forage on the bottom in open areas Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson

41. Crustaceans have an exoskeleton made of 1.Bone 2.Chitin 3.Calcium Carbonate 4.Cellulose

42. The cephalothorax is a fused 1.Head and Neck 2.Abdomen and Thorax 3.Head and Thorax 4.Thorax and Neck

43. The two body segments of a Crustaceans are the 1.Cephalothorax and Head 2.Cephalothorax and Neck 3.Cephalothroax and Abdomen 4.Head and Abdomen

44. Crustaceans have ____ pair(s) antennae 1.1 2.2 3.4 4.8