1. Sentence Structure

2. What’s a sentence? Here are two sentences: He smiles.
You will read and discuss three readings in each chapter before you begin to write.
BEGIN WITH EXAMPLES, NOT DEFINITION. CONCRETE, NOT ABSTRACT.
SENTENCES OF DIFFERENT LENGTH -- BASIC WRITERS THINK LENGTH DETERMINES SENTENCEHOOD.

3. The subject tells us who or what.
Length does not determine what is and is not a sentence. Regardless of how long or short a group of words is, it needs two parts to be a sentence: a subject and a predicate.
The subject tells us who or what.
The predicate tells us what about it.
OUT OF LENGTH-MINDSET.
A MEANING-CENTERED DEFINITION. MEANING OF THE WORDS, NOT ABSTRACT IDENTIFICATION OF PARTS OF SPEECH.

4. Who or what? What about it? He smiles.
You will read and discuss three readings in each chapter before you begin to write.
AGAIN, CONCRETE EXAMPLES.
THE WHO/WHAT AND WHAT ABOUT IT MAKES SENSE TO STUDENTS.
INTRODUCE TERMS BASIC SENTENCE AND INDEPENDENT CLAUSE.
These two parts connect to form a basic sentence, also known as an independent clause.

5. Another way to describe a sentence is to compare it to a bike…
The subject is one wheel;
the predicate is the other wheel.
IMAGE. ALSO STABLE STUCTURE – IMPORTANT FOR UNDERSTANDING SENTENCE BOUNDARIES.
WILL SEE THIS AS WE MOVE ALONG
These two parts connect to form a stable structure.

6. We can have just one word in each wheel…
Children play.
Students studied.

7. Finding the “S” and “P” Fish swim in the ocean. Birds fly in the sky.
We study English.
You need to read a lot.

8. But most of the time our ideas include more details
But most of the time our ideas include more details. We add extra words to the wheels.
The neighborhood children play basketball at the community center.
Students in the biology lab studied cells under an electron microscope.

9. We can expand the wheels by adding adjectives:
Old magazines are stacked under the kitchen table.
The weekend seminar explains how to start a small business.
Meditation helps create a peaceful mind and healthy body.
USE SENTECE AS CONTEXT. TEACH SENTENCE 1ST AS CONTEXT FOR SPECIFIC WORDS AND PHRASES. FRAMEWORK OF SUPPORT

10. We can expand the wheels by adding adverbs:
Airline employees worked diligently to reschedule our flights.
We carefully loaded the van with furniture.
The driver realized immediately that he had missed the exit.
CONTEXT OF SENTENCE. SUBJECT AND PREDICATE CAN BE EXPANDED. LEARNING SENTENCE BOUNDARIES. LATER ON THEY WILL LEARN THAT BASKETS CAN BE ADDED – THAT TOO IS SENTENCE BOUNDARIES.

11. We can also add prepositional phrases:
The windows rattled in the winter storm.
We loaded our hamburgers with ketchup, mustard, and onion.
Some car dealers make most of their profit on parts and services.

12. Who or what? What about it? Randy loves pizza.
Regardless of how much detail we add, the wheels give the same kind of information. The subject tells us who or what. The predicate tells us what about it.
Who or what? What about it?
Randy loves pizza.
Companies benefit from customer loyalty.
Efficient train service will decrease traffic congestion.
MEANING-CENTERED DEFINITION APPLIES TO ALL KINDS OF SENTENCES.
EMPOWERS STUDENTS TO IDENTIFY SENTENCES –
WHAT GOES AROUND COMES AROUND. WHOEVER GETS HOME FIRST SHOULD START DINNER.

13. Can fish fly?
The flying fish doesn’t really fly.
Like a glider, the flying fish soars through the air.
Ducks swim in lakes and ponds.
Do ducks fly south for the winter?

14. Compound Subjects & Predicates
A sentence may have more than one subject or more than one predicate.
My sister and her friend went to a movie.
They ate popcorn and drank soda.

15. Tracy moved to Arizona.

16. Tracy’s grandmother lives there.

17. Tracy wrote us a letter.

18. Tracy goes swimming everyday.

19. Fragments
If one of the wheels is missing, it is not a sentence.

20. Lives at the zoo.
The animals in that cage.
Roaming around.

21. Franklin Roosevelt president from 1933 to 1945.
Was elected four times.

22. A lot of other things, too.
Once, he and his friends sailed to an island.

23. Went there to find buried treasure.
Didn’t find any treasure.

24. Roosevelt something else, though.
Found a nest with four baby birds in it.

25. He became an avid bird-watcher.
Enjoyed swimming and sailing with his children.

26. Roosevelt one daughter and five sons.

27. Run-on Sentences
Mark Twain’s real name was Samuel Clemens “Mark Twain” was his pen name.
You can fix this error by adding end punctuation and a capital letter to split the run-on sentence into two sentences.

28. FANBOYS Grandma Moses lived to be 101 years old she was a centenarian.
Grandma Moses lived to be 101 years old, so she was a centenarian.

29. Run-on Sentences
Anna Moses was a famous artist she didn’t begin painting until she was 78 years old.
She enjoyed painting scenes near her farm in New York she often gave away her paintings.

30. One day an art collector saw her paintings in a store window he liked them very much.
He went to her home and bought every painting she had 15 of them!

31. Her style of painting was called American Primitive she became famous even in Europe.