1. Population, Urbanization, and the Environment Chapter 17

2. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 17-2 Demography The study of the size, composition, growth, and distribution of human populations Malthus Theorem Population grows geometrically; food supply grows arithmetically Exponential growth curve

3. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 17-3 The New Malthusians Exponential growth curve

4. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 17-4 The Anti-Malthusians Perspective Demographic transition Population shrinkage

5. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 17-5 Feminism and the Population Debate Emancipate women from patriarchal decision making To achieve population control, provide women with economic opportunities, education about birth control, and women’s rights

6. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 17-6 Why Are People Starving? Imbalance of supply and demand Famines are due to outmoded agricultural techniques and political instability

7. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 17-7 Why the Least Industrialized Nations Have So Many Children? Motherhood is women’s purpose Children are a sign of God’s blessing Children are economic assets Feminist perspective: men control women’s reproductive choices

8. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 17-8 Population Growth Demographic Variables Fertility 1.Fertility Rate 2.Fecundity 3.Crude Birth Rate Mortality Crude death rate Migration Net migration rate

9. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 17-9 Forecasting Population Growth The basic demographic equation Growth Rate = Births – Deaths + Net Migration Zero Population Growth

10. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 17-10 Urbanization The Development of Cities City A place where a large number of people are permanently based and do not produce their own food Industrialization and Urbanization

11. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 17-11 The Development of Cities Urbanization Metropolis Megalopolis Urban patterns in Canada

12. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 17-12 Models of Urban Growth The Concentric Zone Model The Sector Model The Multiple-Nuclei Model Critique of the Models

13. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 17-13 Models of Urban Growth

14. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 17-14 Contemporary City Life Alienation Gemeinschaft Gesellschaft Community Types of Urban Dwellers the “Cosmopolitan” the “Singles” the “Ethnic Villagers” the “Trapped”

15. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 17-15 Contemporary City Life Creating communities in the urban setting Suburbanization Deindustrialization and globalization

16. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 17-16 The Natural Environment Environmental Issues in the Most Industrialized Nations Fossil Fuels & Environmental Degradation Acid rain Greenhouse effect Global warming The Energy Shortage, Internal Combustion, & Multinational Corporations

17. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 17-17 The Natural Environment Environmental Issues in Industrializing Nations Lack of funds to purchase pollution controls Few antipollution laws e.g., Mexico City

18. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 17-18 Canada & the Kyoto Protocol February 16, 2005 Greenhouse gases U.S., Australia, Monaco China and India

19. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 17-19 The Environmental Movement Green parties Politics, legislation, and education Environmental Sociology

20. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 17-20 Ecofeminism and the Environment Ecofeminism: Stresses violence to nature as we provide material abundance and oppose the patriarchal approach to control nature Harmony between Technology and the Environment

21. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 17-21 Technology & the Environment Harmony between technology and the natural environment