1. 19.4.2009 TILC09 AAP Review Lutz Lilje Global Design Effort 1 Cavity Gradient R&D

2. 19.4.2009 TILC09 AAP Review Lutz Lilje Global Design Effort 2 Contents R&D Current Status –What has been obtained –What has been standard R&D Plan in TDP –R&D subjects and what will be expected –Time-line –Resource –Global cooperation Reference Information (to be attached) NOT: –How to establish the optimum field gradient for ILC Decision process Time scale –Next talk by A. Yamamoto

3. 19.4.2009 TILC09 AAP Review Lutz Lilje Global Design Effort 3 R&D Current Status: Americas –Successful preparations at JLab Most recent production –Startup of the facility at FNAL –Second sound –T-map at LANL –New vendor Qualification Asia –STF Pulsed tests Vertical Tests online EP online –Vendor qualification –Optical inspection system development Guided repair as an option to recover faulty cavities Europe –Preparation for mass production –Development optical inspection –HiGrade

4. 19.4.2009 TILC09 AAP Review Lutz Lilje Global Design Effort 4 America R&D: Nine-cells new series - Five 9-cell cavities: built by ACCEL, and processed/tested at Jlab. - All of them processed with one bulk EP followed by one light EP and by ultrasonic pure-water cleaning with detergent (2%). R. Geng - JLab Preliminary

5. Date Event5 Americas 9-cell Cavity Update C. Ginsburg

6. 19.4.2009 TILC09 AAP Review Lutz Lilje Global Design Effort 6 R. Geng - JLab Preliminary

7. Date Event7 Quench Location with Fast Thermometry  Example of cavity which quenched at 16 MV/m without field emission  Temp rise ~0.1 K over ~2 sec in sensors #3 & #4 before quench seen on all sensors  Cernox RTD sensors (precise calibration, expensive) with fast readout (10 kHz)  Flexible placement of sensors, attached to cavity surface with grease and band; slow installation  Suitable for any cavity shape and highly portable AES001 cell 3 #4#3 FNAL D. Sergatskov, C. Ginsburg, G. Wu, J. Ozelis

8. 19.4.2009 TILC09 AAP Review Lutz Lilje Global Design Effort 8 America R&D: FNAL Infrastructure G. Wu, J. Ozelis FNAL

9. 19.4.2009 TILC09 AAP Review Lutz Lilje Global Design Effort 9 Niowave Single-Cell BCP Cavity Performance Niowave Cavity BCP (1:1:2) Etch Q 0 (1.94 K)Peak E acc Q at Peak E acc Field Limit NR1-1 85  m 8.2 e 927.9 MV/m1.2 e 9RF Power NR1-2 113  m 1.2 e 1029.2 MV/m1.5 e 9Marred Surface NR1-3 60  m 1.3 e 1023.8 MV/m3.8 e 9Marred Surface NR1-4 254  m 1.5 e 1027.4 MV/m1.3 e 9RF Power NR1-5 184  m 1.4 e 1024.7 MV/m3.6 e 9 Equator Weld Defect NR1-6 205  m 1.5 e 1026.8 MV/m3.8 e 9 Equator Weld Defect Z. Conway - Cornell

10. 19.4.2009 TILC09 AAP Review Lutz Lilje Global Design Effort 10 Niowave Single-Cell BCP Cavity Performance Z. Conway - Cornell

11. 19.4.2009 TILC09 AAP Review Lutz Lilje Global Design Effort 11

12. 19.4.2009 TILC09 AAP Review Lutz Lilje Global Design Effort 12 America R&D

13. 19.4.2009 TILC09 AAP Review Lutz Lilje Global Design Effort 13 Z. Conway - Cornell

14. 19.4.2009 TILC09 AAP Review Lutz Lilje Global Design Effort 14

15. 19.4.2009 TILC09 AAP Review Lutz Lilje Global Design Effort 15 Niowave Single Cell NR-5 Z. Conway - Cornell

16. 19.4.2009 TILC09 AAP Review Lutz Lilje Global Design Effort 16 L. Cooley - FNAL

17. 19.4.2009 TILC09 AAP Review Lutz Lilje Global Design Effort 17 Z. Conway - Cornell

18. 19.4.2009 TILC09 AAP Review Lutz Lilje Global Design Effort 18 Asia R&D First pulsed measurements at high gradients –STF operation –Demonstrated upto 32 MV/m with standard puls length Kyoto Camera Upgrade –Improve resolution Manufacturer Training

19. Date Event19 Comparison of achieved Eacc,max between Vertical Tests and Cryomodule Tests November, 2008 Ave. Eacc,max (V.T) = 22.7 MV/m Ave. Eacc,max (Cryo.) = 23.7 MV/m Operational Gradient at 31.5 MV/m for ILC No degradation was observed in the cryomodule tests. RF Feedback / ON S. Noguchi, E. Kako, H. Hayano et al.

20. 19.4.2009 TILC09 AAP Review Lutz Lilje Global Design Effort 20 Introduction of camera-cylinder rotation mechanism for cavity inspection with EP-VT support jigs, and for jacketed cavity. motor rotary encoder rotation limiter bearing H. Hayano, Y. Iwashita, K. Watanabe, Y. Kikuchi

21. 19.4.2009 TILC09 AAP Review Lutz Lilje Global Design Effort 21 (1)CCD camera upgrade from 5µm CCD pixel to 2.2µm CCD pixel camera. (2) Lens upgrade more magnification with more larger aperture. (3) illumination upgrade EL panel has limited life with more high voltage (for more brightness). -> LED + light guide with scattered surface (twice more light). ~7µm/pixel  targeting 3.5 µm/pixel H. Hayano, Y. Iwashita, K. Watanabe, Y. Kikuchi Kyoto Camera Upgrade

22. 19.4.2009 TILC09 AAP Review Lutz Lilje Global Design Effort 22 (1)control of cavity position being done by VB application. (2) Image capture and automated file-save already done by VB application. (speed is enough fast, but must wait for vibration damping) (automated focus is the next concern) (3) defect pattern matching the software already fabricated in 2007 was tested using recent high quality pictures. -> no good results, so far. (match to every bright traces, not suspected defects only) H. Hayano, Y. Iwashita, K. Watanabe, Y. Kikuchi Kyoto Camera Upgrade: Image Capture Automation

23. 090225 ILC-GDE SCRF 23 Grinding Effort at KEK Grinder Head with Diamond compound seat before after Grinding machine was delivered in last week. Diamond compound seat #400 (size = 40 ~ 60 um) as for 1 st test EBW bumps sample plate (Nb) 090225 23 ILC-GDE SCRF

24. 19.4.2009 TILC09 AAP Review Lutz Lilje Global Design Effort 24 EU Status: Cavity Summary –Processes streamlined for mass production processes yield similar results as before tank welding at an early state poses no problem –Electropolishing is still superior Data is problematic as it mixes different vendors –Scatter is large Can be traced to mechanical fabrication Defects have been identified –Need to improve QC at companies

25. 19.4.2009 TILC09 AAP Review Lutz Lilje Global Design Effort 25 EU Status D. Reschke, to be published SRF 2009

26. 19.4.2009 TILC09 AAP Review Lutz Lilje Global Design Effort 26 Alternative Developments for ILC Cost reduction is a strong driving force for ILC –~16000 cavities New processes –Vertical EP New Material –Large-grain niobium Material –Less fabrication steps than standard material New Shapes –‘Low-loss‘ and ‘Re-entrant‘ –Could reduce power dissipation at cryogenic temperatures

27. Date Event Global Design Effort 27 Z. Conway - Cornell

28. Date Event Global Design Effort 28 Large Grain Material (JLab)

29. Date Event Global Design Effort 29 XFEL: Large Grain Multi-cell with EP Large-grain niobium material with etch (BCP) and electropolishing (EP) Behaviour similar to DESY observations on single-cells

30. Date Event Global Design Effort 30 Alternative Cavity Shapes

31. Date Event Global Design Effort 31 K. Saito et al.

32. Date Event Global Design Effort 32 60mm-Aperture Re-Entrant Cavity Best Eacc = 59 MV/m Cornell-KEK Collaboration H. Padamsee et al. WEPMS009

33. 19.4.2009 TILC09 AAP Review Lutz Lilje Global Design Effort 33 Next steps EU –Preparation of the call for tender for XFEL cavities Focus at DESY will be –resolution of mass production problems –improvements to QC process –HiGrade Serves as a tool to implement the ILC process –Series of 8 Large-Grain Cavities waiting for test US –Project X –Vendor development –Coupon studies KEK –S1-Global –Inspection methods –Local repair

34. 19.4.2009 TILC09 AAP Review Lutz Lilje Global Design Effort 34 America R&D R. Geng - JLab

35. 19.4.2009 TILC09 AAP Review Lutz Lilje Global Design Effort 35 Strategy to Improve Performance The lower gradient part –Vendor qualification –Improvement of fabrication and weld quality –Typically larger defects, ‚easily‘ detectable The higher gradient part –More systematic studies needed Tools are available –Surface Mapping T-Map Second Sound –Optical inspection Common data evaluation is on the way In addition: –Study repair options Local grinding Tumbling R. Geng - JLab

36. 19.4.2009 TILC09 AAP Review Lutz Lilje Global Design Effort 36 R&D Plan in TDP R&D subjects and what will be expected –Improve the yield of the preparation process Vertical test yield not yet sufficient –Subsets of certain vendors do pass Module integration (cavity assembly) will be investigated –Improve weld quality PMs have visited the various cavity manufacturers Training for manufacturers is important –Alternatives not to be forgotten Large-grain Low-loss shape Time-line –Beginning 2010 Revise choice of the gradient if necessary Resources –Ongoing cavity fabrication in the three regions ~60 tests targeted at ILC in TDP1 parallel startup of XFEL with 800 cavities on order

37. 19.4.2009 TILC09 AAP Review Lutz Lilje Global Design Effort 37 Thanks! Several people were very supportive in providing data and slides C. Ginsburg, R. Geng, Z. Conway, L. Cooley, D. Reschke, W. Singer, J. Sekutowicz, H. Hayano, E. Kako, K. Saito

38. 19.4.2009 TILC09 AAP Review Lutz Lilje Global Design Effort 38 Backup Slides

39. Date Event39 Americas 9-cell Vertical Tests ILC goal Px goal Of 14 cavities, 6 cavities meet ILC VT spec & 10 meet Project X VT spec NB: These are the tests which individual Labs choose to publish… C. Ginsburg

40. Date Event40 Best Result ; obtained Eacc,max in #2 Cavity RF Feedback / OFF 32.7 MV/m RF Feedback / ON 32.0 MV/m Pin Pt ~ Eacc  t t Pin Pt ~ Eacc  t t no piezo drive no pre-detuning Stable Pulsed Operation ; STF Phase-1.0 1.5 msec, 5 Hz operation November, 2008’  in no piezo drive pre-detuning (  f = +300 Hz) Flat-top 1.0 ms S. Noguchi, E. Kako, H. Hayano et al.

41. Date Event41 Four-Cavity Operation with Vector-Sum Control November, 2008 Flat-top 1.0 ms Accelerating Gradient (Eacc) Cavity Phase (  t ) 10 o 1.5 msec, 5 Hz operation Cavity 1 Cavity 3 Cavity 2 Cavity 4 Cavity 1 Cavity 2 Cavity 3 Cavity 4 Cavity 1 ; Eacc = 17.6 MV/m Cavity 2 ; Eacc = 18.0 MV/m Cavity 3 ; Eacc = 17.9 MV/m Cavity 4 ; Eacc = 15.2 MV/m Total Acceleration Voltage 70 MV with  t < +/- 5 o S. Noguchi, E. Kako, H. Hayano et al.