1. High-Temperature Steam Gasification of Agricultural and MSW and Conversion to Energy System 02/21/2012 TAG meeting

2. INTRODUCTION

3. Background  Increasing MSW Generation Rates  Disadvantage of Partial Oxygen Gasification or Incineration  Lower temperature gasifier produces low-quality syngas that contains undesirable char, tar and soot  Harmful emissions due to the air-breathing combustion

4. Objective  Define the critical parameters affecting product yields  Develop optimal conditions for thermal-chemical conversions  Develop cost-effective method for the production of hydrogen fuel Agricultural Wastes MSW High Temperature Steam Gasification

5. Team Members  PI  Skip Ingley, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida. E-mail - ingley@ufl.edu, Tel - 352-284-0997  Jacob N. Chung, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida. E-mail - jnchung@ufl.edu, Tel - 352-392-9607  Members Name Atish Shah Graduate student Billy Allen Samuel Mammo Stephen Belser Uisung Lee Andrew Hatcher Undergraduate student Thomas Lunden

6. Team Members  Hinkley Center Project Manager Tim Vinson  TAG Members  Tim Townsend, Professor, Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida  John Anderson, CEO Quantera Energy Resourse, Inc.  Brent Wainwright, Principal, Green Team Ventures, LLC  John Kuhn, Assistant Professor, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida

7. MSW CHARACTERIZATION

8. MSW Characterization  Typical MSW composition by material Total MSW composition by material before recycling, 2009 [data from EPA]

9. MSW samples  Experimental Feedstock Composition MaterialComposition Paper Corrugated boxes Newspaper Office type paper 22.8% 6.5% 4.5% Food scrap Dog food Additional water (moisture content compensation) 5.3% 11.7% Woodsawdust7.8% Yard TrimmingGrass, Leaves, Brush trimming16.5% Plastics (1)PET (2)HDPE (3)PVC (4)LDPE (5)PP (6)PS 2.4% 3.6% 0.8% 4.3% 3.8% 1.7% Rubber and leather 3.7% Textiles 6.3% Total100.0% MSW sample

10. Proximate and Ultimate Analysis Keystone Materials Testing, Inc.

11. EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEM DESIGN

12. Previous system  Supply the high temperature steam via combustion of hydrogen and oxygen  Batch type

13. Current Experimental Setup  Schematic

14. Steam Generator / Superheater Steam Generator Superheater PumpControler

15. Gasifier & Cooler Condensate Collector Syngas Cooler Exhaust Sampling Gasifier Steam Injector

16. Gasifier & Cooler Steam Injector Ceramic Honeycomb Condensate Collector Feedstock

17. Steam Injector

18. FLUENT Simulation  Steam injection profile Velocity Temperature improvement scheme

19. Feeder Ball Valve Argon Purging Gas Inlet/Outlet Piston

20. Heating Tape  Preheater for the feedstock Electric Heating Tape

21. Experimental Equipment Steam generator Superheater Gasifier Feeder Syngas Cooler Argon Cylinder Gas Sampling Exhaust Condensate Collector

22. Steam Injector and Base Module

23. Ceramic Honeycomb Discs

24. SIMULATION RESULTS

25. Equilibrium Model exist C (s) ? 3 independent reactions Predicted syngas composition : CO, CO 2, CH 4, H 2, N 2 and H 2 O 2 independent reactions yes. 7 species no. 6 species C (s) + CO 2 ↔ 2CO C (s) + H 2 O ↔ H 2 + CO C (s) + 2H 2 ↔ CH 4 CH 4 + H 2 O ↔ CO + 3H 2 CO + H 2 O ↔ CO 2 + H 2 Setup the Global Gasification Reaction Assume there would be C (s)

26. Equilibrium Model Solve equations with numerical method Equilibrium Constant Solve equations with numerical method Equilibrium Constant yes End no

27. Results  Gas composition

28. Result

29. CURRENT ISSUES

30. Current Issues  Conduct Steam Temperature Tests and Measure Temperature Profiles in Gasifier  Finalize Arrangements for Syngas Sampling  Steam to Biomass Ratio Tests with Woody Biomass  Conduct Gasification Runs with MSW, MSW Components and Farm Wastes

31. Questions andDiscussion ?