1. The Adult in Society Preview Section 1: Early and Middle Adulthood
Sociology
4/23/2017
The Adult in Society
Preview
Section 1: Early and Middle Adulthood
Section 2: The World of Work
Section 3: The Later Years
Chapter Wrap-Up
Chapter 7

2. Section 1: Early and Middle Adulthood
Read to Discover
What is Daniel Levinson’s theory of adult male development?
What are the stages of adult female development?

3. Section 1: Early and Middle Adulthood
Levinson’s Developmental Stages of Adulthood for Males
Early Adulthood
Middle Adulthood
Late Adulthood
Early Adult Transition
Midlife Transition
Late Adult Transition
Entering the Adult World
Entering Mid Adulthood
Late Adult Transition
Age Transition
Age Transition
Settling Down Period
End of Mid Adulthood

4. Section 1: Early and Middle Adulthood
Early Adulthood—ages 17-39, involves entering the adult world, choosing a career, establishing oneself in society, and making and re-evaluating commitments
Middle Adulthood—ages 40-59, involves self-examination, reformulation of life goals, internal and external conflict, realization of one’s own mortality
Late Adulthood—60 to 75+, involves transitions

5. Section 1: Early and Middle Adulthood
Question
What are the stages of adult female development?

6. Section 1: Early and Middle Adulthood
Phase 1: Leaving the Family
Characteristics: Young women leave home, break from their parents, and form a life plan, with an emphasis on marriage over establishing a career.
Phase 2: Entering the Adult World
Characteristics: Many women, often in their twenties, marry and have children. More than half combine work and motherhood. Others leave work, which limits later job opportunities.
Phase 3: Entering the Adult World Again
Characteristics: Many women, often in their early thirties, return to work after their children start school. They then pursue their career goals, similarly to men in their twenties.

7. Section 2: The World of Work
Read to Discover
How has the nature of work in the United States changed?
How has the composition of the labor force in the United States changed?

8. Section 2: The World of Work
Question
How have the nature of work and the composition of the labor force changed in the United States?

9. Section 2: The World of Work
Nature of Work in the U.S
Labor Force in 1900
Labor Force in 2000
Farming & Manufacturing
Professional & Clerical
Farming & Manufacturing
Professional & Clerical

10. Section 2: The World of Work
Farming and Manufacturing—fell from 80 percent of the U.S. labor force in 1900 to 27 percent in 2000; most work now is in professions, office work, sales, and service jobs
Professional, Managerial, Administrative, Sales—now make up almost 73 percent of the labor force; increases can be attributed to the growth of bureaucracies and technological developments

11. Section 2: The World of Work
Women Increasing numbers
Changes in
the Labor Force
Minorities Increasing numbers
Education More with higher levels

12. Section 2: The World of Work
Women—have increased as a percentage of the total labor force; now hold about half of all professional jobs
Minorities—have increased as a percentage of the total labor force; in particular Hispanics, who are the fastest growing group of American workers
Education—workers’ education levels have increased; about 90 percent of workers aged 25 to 64 have high school diplomas; about one third have college degrees

13. Section 3: The Later Years
Read to Discover
What are the characteristics of life during late adulthood?
What new challenges do older Americans face?

14. Section 3: The Later Years
Question
What are characteristics of each stage of late adulthood?

15. Section 3: The Later Years
THE THREE PHASES OF LATE ADULTHOOD
Middle-Old
Old-Old
Young-Old
Ages 75 to 84 Issues related to declining physical and mental functioning, dependency, and death
Ages 85+
Issues related to declining physical and mental functioning, dependency, and death
Ages 65 to 74
Issues related to the adjustment to retirement

16. Section 3: The Later Years
Adjustment to Retirement—loss of the work role; lack of income; adjustment easier if social networks and community activity maintained
Physical and Mental Functioning—body cells die; muscles and tissues shrink; organs and functions slow down; intelligence, learning, and memory decline
Dependency and Death—need physical or financial assistance; status and role behaviors change; less fear of death than middle-aged

17. Section 3: The Later Years
New Opportunities
Feeling of freedom
More time for interests and hobbies
Possibility of new career
Reaping the benefits of planning ahead
Financial planning
Developing interests and hobbies
Taking care of health
Cultivating patterns that make the most of life

18. Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding Main Ideas
Briefly describe Daniel Levinson’s views on adult male development.
How does adult female development differ from adult male development?
How has the composition of the American labor force changed?
In what ways did the nature of work in the United States change during the 1900s?
What challenges and opportunities are associated with the later stages of life?
What are the main characteristics of each stage of life during the later years of adulthood?