1. LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT
STANDARD(S): Students analyze the significant events in the founding of the nation.
LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT
Explain the four goals of progressivism.
Summarize progressive efforts to clean up government.
Identify progressive efforts to reform state government, protect workers, and reform elections.

2. A BULLDOG ALWAYS
Commitment
Attitude
CARES
Respect
Encouragement
Safety

3. The Origins of Progressivism
Section 1
The Origins of Progressivism
Political, economic, and social change in late 19th century America leads to broad progressive reforms.
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4. The Origins of Progressivism1
SECTION
The Origins of Progressivism
Four Goals of Progressivism
Concerns of Progressives
Early 1900s, middle-class reformers address problems of 1890s
Different reform efforts collectively called progressive movement
Reformers aim to restore economic opportunity, correct injustice by:
- protecting social welfare,
promoting moral improvement
- creating economic reform,
fostering efficiency
Continued . . .
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5. ORIGINS OF PROGRESSIVISM
Chapter 9 Section 1
ORIGINS OF PROGRESSIVISM
As America entered into the 20th century, middle class reformers addressed many social problems
Work conditions, rights for women and children, economic reform, environmental issues and social welfare were a few of these issues

6. FOUR GOALS OF REFORMERS
1) Protect Social Welfare
2) Promote Moral Improvement
3) Create Economic Reform
4) Foster Efficiency

7. Protecting Social Welfare1
SECTION
continued Four Goals of Progressivism
Protecting Social Welfare
• Social Gospel, settlement houses inspire other reform groups
• Florence Kelley, political activist, advocate for women, children
- helps pass law prohibiting child labor, limiting women’s hours
Continued . . .
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8. 1.PROTECT SOCIAL WELFARE
Industrialization in the late 19th century was largely unregulated
Employers felt little responsibility toward their workers
As a result Settlement homes and churches served the community
Also the YMCA (Young Men Christian’s Association) and Salvation Army took on service roles

9. Guided Reading: 1. Social welfare reform movement the YMCA;
Social Reforms
People and Groups Involved
Successes (laws, legal decisions, etc.)
1. Social welfare reform movement
the YMCA;
the Salvation Army;
settlement houses;
Florence Kelley
a variety of public services;
the Illinois Factory Act

10. Promoting Moral Improvement1
SECTION
continued Four Goals of Progressivism
Promoting Moral Improvement
• Some feel poor should uplift selves by improving own behavior
• Prohibition—banning of alcoholic drinks
• Woman’s Christian Temperance Union spearheads prohibition crusade
Continued . . .
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11. 2. PROMOTE MORAL DEVELOPMENT
Some reformers felt that the answer to societies problems was personal behavior
They proposed such reforms as prohibition
Groups wishing to ban alcohol included the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

12. Chapter 9:1 The Origins of Progressivism
A – Why did the prohibition movement appeal to so many women?
Many women believed this was an area in which they could make a difference in society.

13. Guided Reading: 2. Moral reform movement the WCTU; Frances Willard;
Social Reforms
People and Groups Involved
Successes (laws, legal decisions, etc.)
2. Moral reform movement
the WCTU;
Frances Willard;
the Anti-Saloon League
prohibition adopted by many town and state governments

14. Creating Economic Reform1
SECTION
continued Four Goals of Progressivism
Creating Economic Reform
• 1893 panic prompts doubts about capitalism; many become socialists
• Muckrakers—journalists who expose corruption in politics, business
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15. 3. CREATE ECONOMIC REFORM
The Panic of 1893 prompted some Americans to question the capitalist economic system
As a result some workers embraced socialism
Eugene Debs organized the American Socialist Party in 1901
Debs encouraged workers to reject American Capitalism

16. MUCKRAKERS CRITICIZE BIG BUSINESS
Though most progressives did not embrace socialism, many writers saw the truth in Debs’ criticism
Journalists known as “Muckrakers” exposed corruption in business
Ida Tarbell exposed Standard Oil Company’s cut-throat methods of eliminating competition
Ida Tarbell

17. B – What contribution did muckrakers make to the reform movement?
Muckrakers exposed the dangers and corruption of industrial life to the public.

18. Guided Reading: 3. Economic reform movement Eugene V. Debs;
Social Reforms
People and Groups Involved
Successes (laws, legal decisions, etc.)
3. Economic reform movement
Eugene V. Debs;
American Socialist Party;
muckrakers;
Ida M. Tarbell
exposure of corruption in industry

19. 1
SECTION
continued Four Goals of Progressivism
Fostering Efficiency
• Many use experts, science to make society, workplace more efficient
• Louis D. Brandeis uses social scientists’ data in trial
• Scientific management—time and motion studies applied to workplace
• Assembly lines speed up production, make people work like machines
- cause high worker turnover
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20. 4. FOSTERING EFFICIENCY
Many Progressive leaders put their faith in scientific principles to make society better
In Industry, Frederick Taylor began using time & motion studies to improve factory efficiency
Taylorism became an Industry fad as factories sought to complete each task quickly

22. C – Contrast the goals of scientific management with other progressive reforms.
Scientific management reformers worked to improve efficiency and productivity,
while other reformers aimed at improving behavior or addressing economic inequality.

23. Guided Reading: 4. Movement for industrial efficiency
Social Reforms
People and Groups Involved
Successes (laws, legal decisions, etc.)
4. Movement for industrial efficiency
Frederick Winslow Taylor;
Ford Motor Co.;
Henry Ford
Ford Assembly line;
the "'Five Dollar Day"

24. Cleaning Up Local Government1
SECTION
Cleaning Up Local Government
Reforming Local Government
Reformers try to make government efficient, responsive to voters
Some cities adopt government by commission of experts
Many use council-manager: people elect council that appoints manager
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25. CLEANING UP LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Efforts at reforming local government stemmed from the desire to make government more efficient and responsive to citizens
Some believe it also was meant to limit immigrants influence in local governments

26. Cleaning Up Local Government1
SECTION
Cleaning Up Local Government
Reform Mayors
Hazen Pingree of Detroit tackles taxes, transit fares, corruption
Socialist Tom Johnson of Cleveland fights corrupt utility companies
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27. D – How did city government change during the Progressive Era?
The commission system and council-manager system were introduced;
Some reform mayors made citizens more active in managing cities.

28. Reform at the State Level1
SECTION
Reform at the State Level
Reform Governors
• Governors push states to pass laws to regulate large businesses
• Robert M. La Follette is 3-term governor, then senator of Wisconsin
- attacks big business
Continued . . .
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29. REGULATING BIG BUSINESS
Under the progressive Republican leadership of Robert La Follette of Wisconsin led the way in regulating big business
Robert La Follette

30. Reform at the State Level1
SECTION
Reform at the State Level
Protecting Working Children
• Child workers get lower wages, small hands handle small parts better
- families need children’s wages
• National Child Labor Committee gathers evidence of harsh conditions
• Labor unions argue children’s wages lower all wages
• Groups press government to ban child labor, cut hours
Continued . . .
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31. PROTECTING WORKING CHILDREN
As the number of child workers rose, reformers worked to end child labor
Children were more prone to accidents caused by fatigue
Nearly every state limited or banned child labor by 1918

32. E – Why did the reformers seek to end child labor?
Businesses exploited children,
paying them low wages and
forcing them to work long hours in dangerous conditions.

33. Guided Reading: 5. Movement to protect workers
Social Reforms
People and Groups Involved
Successes (laws, legal decisions, etc.)
5. Movement to protect workers
National Child Labor Committee;
Louis Brandeis;
Florence Kelley;
Josephine Goldmark ·
Keating-Owen Act;
state child-labor laws;
Muller v. Oregon;
Bunting v. Oregon;
workers' compensation laws

34. Public Utilities

35. Guided Reading: Political Reforms People and Groups Involved
Successes (laws, legal decisions, etc.)
6. Movement to reform local government
Hazen Pingree;
Tom Johnson
commission and council­ manager forms of government adopted;
the property tax, public ownership of utilities, and other economic reforms

37. Guided Reading: Political Reforms People and Groups Involved
Successes (laws, legal decisions, etc.)
7. State reform of big business
Robert M. La Folletto,
Charles B. Aycock,
James Hogg
Wisconsin laws regulating railroads

38. Efforts to Limit Working Hours1
SECTION
continued Reform at the State Level
Efforts to Limit Working Hours
Muller v. Oregon—Court upholds limiting women to 10-hour workday
Bunting v. Oregon—upholds 10-hour workday for men
Reformers win workers’ compensation for families of injured, killed
Continued . . .
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39. EFFORTS TO LIMIT HOURS
The Supreme Court and the states enacted or strengthened laws reducing women’s hours of work
The Illinois Factory Act eliminated Child Labor and reduced the number of hours women could work
Progressives also succeeded in winning worker’s compensation to aid families of injured workers

40. 1
SECTION
continued Reform at the State Level
Reforming Elections
• Oregon adopts secret ballot, initiative, referendum, recall
• Initiative—bill proposed by people, not lawmakers, put on ballots
• Referendum—voters, not legislature, decide if initiative becomes law
• Recall—voters remove elected official through early election
• Primaries allow voters, not party machines, to choose candidates
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41. ELECTION REFORM
Citizens fought for, and won, such measures as secret ballots, referendum votes, and the recall
recall
referendum

42. ELECTION REFORM
Citizens could petition and get initiatives on the ballot
In 1899, Minnesota passed the first statewide primary system

43. Direct Election of Senators1
SECTION
continued Reform at the State Level
Direct Election of Senators
• Seventeenth Amendment permits popular election of senators
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44. DIRECT ELECTION OF SENATORS
Before 1913, each state’s legislature had chosen its own U.S. senators
To force senators to be more responsive to the public, progressives pushed for the popular election of senators
As a result, Congress passed the th Amendment (1913)

45. F – Summarize the impact of the direct election of senators?
Members of the Senate were no longer appointed by state legislatures, over whom special interest had influence.
Instead Senators were elected by popular vote.

46. Guided Reading: Political Reforms People and Groups Involved
Successes (laws, legal decisions, etc.)
8. Movement for election
reform
William S. U'Ren
States adopted:
secret ballot,
initiative,
referendum,
recall,
and direct primary;
Passed Seventeenth Amendment