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RIBBON-1: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase III Trial of Chemotherapy with or without Bevacizumab for First-Line Treatment of HER2-Negative Locally Recurrent or Metastatic Breast Cancer Fairfax Northern Virginia Hematology Oncology, U.S. Oncology, Fairfax, VA; Institut Curie, Paris, France; UCLA TORI, Los Angeles, CA; Univ. of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; State Medical Academy, Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine; Bashkirian Republican Clinical Oncology, Ufa, Russia; Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Sarah Cannon Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Baylor-Sammons Cancer Center, Texas Oncology, U.S. Oncology, Dallas, TX; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA N. Robert, V. Dieras, J. Glaspy, A. Brufsky, I. Bondarenko, O. Lipatov, E. Perez, D. Yardley, J. O’Shaughnessy, X. Zhou, S. Phan
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Introduction Bevacizumab (BV), a monoclonal antibody, directly inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a central mediator of angiogenesis. Two previous Phase III trials demonstrated that BV + 1 st line taxanes (paclitaxel and docetaxel) improved progression-free survival (PFS) for metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients. RIBBON-1 was designed to demonstrate the clinical benefit of combining BV with other chemotherapies used for MBC.
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Study Design Capecitabine (1000 mg/m 2 BID x 14d) Taxane (docetaxel q3w or protein-bound paclitaxel q3w) Anthracycline-based chemotherapy (AC, EC, FAC, FEC) Placebo or bevacizumab (15 mg/kg q3w) CHOICE OF CHEMO BY INVESTIGATOR Capecitabine or Taxane or Anthracycline Previously untreated MBC (n=1237) Stratification Factors: Disease-free interval Previous adjuvant chemotherapy Number of metastatic sites Cape, T or Anthra Chemo + bevacizumab q3w Chemo + placebo q3w Optional 2 nd -line Chemo + bevacizumab Treat until PD RANDOMIZE 2:1
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Key Eligibility Criteria Age ≥18 years ECOG performance status 0 or 1 Histologically confirmed, locally recurrent or MBC No prior chemotherapy for locally recurrent or MBC HER2-negative MBC ≥12 months since any prior adjuvant chemotherapy
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Study Endpoints Primary endpoint: -PFS, as assessed by investigator Secondary endpoints: -PFS, by independent review committee (IRC) -Objective response rate (ORR) -Overall survival (OS) & 1-year survival rate -Safety
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Statistical Design and Analyses HRPowerSample Size Capecitabine0.7580%600 Taxane/Anthracycline0.7090% 600* CHOICE OF CHEMO BY INVESTIGATOR Capecitabine or Taxane or Anthracycline Cape + bevacizumab Cape + placebo T/Anthra + bevacizumab T/Anthra + placebo EFFICACY ANALYSIS RANDOMIZE n=409 n=206 n=415 n=207 * 300 pts treated with taxane, 300 pts with anthracycline
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Study Conduct Conducted at >200 sites in 22 countries Accrued 1237 patients from Dec 2005 to Aug 2007 Data cutoff date: July 31, 2008 Median follow-up -Capecitabine: 15.6 months -Taxane and anthracycline: 19.2 months
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CapeT/Anthra PL (n=206) BV (n=409) PL (n=207) BV (n=415) Median age, yr 575655 ECOG PS 053 HR positive7477 76 Triple negative25222324 Disease-free ≤12 months22274137 Adjuvant chemotherapy76704745 Taxane413915 Anthracycline 696030 ≥ 3 metastatic sites454345 Measurable dx79808683 Patient Characteristics All data as %, unless otherwise noted.
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RESULTS
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Capecitabine: PFS by Investigator Median, mo5.78.6 HR (95% CI)0.69 (0.56–0.84) p-valuep=0.0002 Median, mo6.29.8 HR (95% CI)0.68 (0.54–0.86) p-valuep=0.0011 PL (n=206) BV (n=409) IRC INV
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Taxane/Anthra: PFS by Investigator Median, mo8.09.2 HR (95% CI)0.64 (0.52–0.80) p-valuep<0.0001 Median, mo8.310.7 HR (95% CI)0.77 (0.60–0.99) p-valuep=0.040 PL (n=207) BV (n=415) IRC INV
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TaxaneAnthra PL (n=104) BV (n=203) PL (n=103) BV (n=212) Median PFS, mo 8.29.27.99.2 HR (95% CI)0.75 (0.56–1.01)0.55 (0.40–0.74) p-value0.0547<0.0001 Exploratory Endpoint: PFS by Chemotherapy Subgroups PFS = PFS by investigator
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Analysis of PFS by stratification factors: Cape and T/Anthra Cohorts + BV better + PL better Baseline Factor Total n Hazard Ratio All Patients6150.67 Disease-free interval (mo) ≤121540.81 >124610.63 Number of metastatic sites <33450.63 ≥32700.74 Prior adjuvant chemotherapy Yes4440.64 No1710.80 + BV better + PL better Total n Hazard Ratio CapeT/Anthra 622 0.66 239 0.62 383 0.69 341 0.65 281 0.64 283 0.67 339 0.64
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Objective Response Rate Measurable disease (n) 161325 177 345 Includes only patients with measurable disease at baseline. 23.6 35.4 37.9 51.3 Cape p=0.0097 T/Anthra p=0.0054 % BVPLBVPL
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Cape T/Anthra PL (n=206) BV (n=409) PL (n=207) BV (n=415) % of deaths35303534 Median OS, mo21.229.023.825.2 HR (95% CI)0.85 (0.63–1.14)1.03 (0.77–1.38) p-value0.270.83 1-yr survival rate (%)74818381 p-value0.0760.44 Overall Survival
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Safety Summary CapeTaxaneAnthra Event (%) PL (n 201) BV (n 404) PL (n 102) BV (n 203) PL (n 100) BV (n 210) Selected AEs* 9.021.822.543.816.028.1 SAEs 18.924.326.541.4 16.022.4 AEs leading to study drug (PL or BV) discontinuation 11.9 7.824.1 4.014.3 AEs leading to death** 2.5 1.5 3.0 2.5 3.0 1.4 * AEs previously shown to be associated with BV ** Excludes AEs related to MBC progression
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Event, % CapeTaxaneAnthra PL (n=201) BV (n=404) PL (n=102) BV (n=203) PL (n=100) BV (n=210) Bleeding events 0.50.205.400 Febrile neutropenia 002.07.95.03.8 GI perforation 001.02.000 Hypertension 1.09.42.08.9010.0 LV systolic dysfunction 0.51.002.002.9 Neutropenia 1.01.24.99.44.04.3 Proteinuria 02.203.401.9 Sensory neuropathy 0.53.08.88.400.5 VTE 3.54.84.92.01.02.9 Selected Grade ≥3 AEs VTE=venous thromboembolism
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Summary For the pre-specified Cape and T/Anthra cohorts, the addition of bevacizumab led to a statistically significant improvement in: -PFS (by investigator) -PFS (by IRC) -ORR No difference was noted in OS Safety: -Incidence of bevacizumab-related adverse events consistent with prior studies -No new bevacizumab-related safety signals in each of the chemotherapy groups
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Conclusions RIBBON-1 provides a third randomized Phase III trial demonstrating the efficacy and safety of combining bevacizumab, a direct VEGF inhibitor, with first-line chemotherapy for MBC. RIBBON-1 establishes the efficacy of combining bevacizumab with non-taxane chemotherapies used for first-line treatment of MBC. The safety profile of bevacizumab in combination with these chemotherapies was consistent with that reported from prior Phase III trials.
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Acknowledgments 1237 patients and the RIBBON-1 investigators from: AustraliaPeru BrazilPhilippines CanadaRussia FranceSingapore GreeceSpain GuatemalaSweden KoreaTaiwan MexicoUkraine NetherlandsUnited Kingdom NorwayUSA PanamaUruguay
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Back-ups
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Chemotherapy Regimens Investigator chose from the following protocol specified chemotherapy regimens prior to randomization: -Capecitabine: Capecitabine 1000 mg/m 2 BID x 14d started q21d -Taxanes: Docetaxel 75 or 100 mg/m 2 q21d Protein-bound paclitaxel 260 mg/m 2 q21d -Anthracyclines: AC (doxorubicin 50 or 60 mg/m 2, cyclophosphamide 500 or 600 mg/m 2 ) q21d FAC (5-FU 500 or 600 mg/m 2, doxorubicin 50 or 60 mg/m 2, cyclophosphamide 500 or 600 mg/m 2 ) q21d EC (epirubicin 90 or 100 mg/m 2, cyclosphosphamide 500 or 600 mg/m 2 ) q21d FEC (5-FU 500 or 600 mg/m 2, epirubicin 90 or 100 mg/m 2, cyclophosphamide 500 or 600 mg/m 2 ) q21d
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Second-line Usage of Bevacizumab Per protocol, at the time of disease progression, all patients were offered option of receiving bevacizumab with a 2 nd line chemotherapy chosen by the investigator CapeT/Anthra PLBVPLBV % of patients receiving 2 nd line BV 69525550
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Analysis of PFS by stratification factors: Cape and T/Anthra Cohorts + BV better + PL better Baseline Factor Total n Hazard Ratio All Patients6150.67 Hormone receptor status Positive4580.69 Negative1430.70 Time from diagnosis of primary cancer to diagnosis of locally recurrent or metastatic disease (months) ≤ 242050.76 > 244080.63 + BV better + PL better Total n Hazard Ratio CapeT/Anthra 622 0.66 459 0.61 142 0.78 262 0.65 358 0.67 0.20.5120.20.512
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Subgroup Analyses of PFS T/Anthra Cohorts + BV better + PL better Baseline Factor Total n Hazard Ratio All Patients 622 0.66 Taxane Docetaxel 181 0.78 Abraxane 124 0.65 Anthracycline-based Chemotherapy Doxorubicin-based 236 0.63 Epirubicin-based 74 0.46 T/Anthra
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Clinical Summary of Cardiac Toxicity: Anthracycline Cohort Anthra+PL n=100 N (%) Anthra+BV n=210 N (%) Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction Any Grade6 (6.0)13 (6.2) Grade 40 (0.0)1 (0.5) Grade 30 (0.0)5 (2.4) Grade 25 (5.0)7 (3.3) Grade 11 (1.0)0 (0.0) Grade 3 and 4 Events Two patients with clinical CHF (Grade 3, Grade 4) One patient with non-specific symptoms Two patients with measurement error One patient with progressive disease
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