1. RIVERS
Chapter 5
Test 3 material

2. HYDROLOGIC CYCLE INFILTRATION RUNOFF TRANSPIRATION EVAPORATION
PRECIPITATION

4. FLUVIAL
ANY STREAM RELATED PROCESSES NO MATTER IF THEY ARE DEPOSITIONAL OR EROSIONAL
ALLUVIUM IS THE NAME FOR ANY STREAM DEPOSITED MATERIAL

5. ALLUVIUM

6. DRAINAGE BASIN
THE AREA WHERE PRECIPITATION DRAINS AND ULTIMATELY MAKES ITS WAY TO THE OCEAN
EVERY DRAINAGE BASIN IS DEFINED BY RIDGES THAT FORM DRAINAGE DIVIDES
DRAINAGE DIVIDES DEFINE A WATERSHED (WATER-RECEIVING)

8. GROUNDWATER
WATER BENEATH THE SURFACE THAT IS BELOW THE SOIL-ROOT ZONE

9. *** ZONE OF AERATION - VADOSE ZONE WATER TABLE
ZONE OF SATURATION - PHREATIC ZONE

10. GROUNDWATER

12. PERMEABLE ROCK*
WATER CAN FLOW THROUGH ROCK/SOIL

13. IMPERMEABLE ROCK
WATER DOES NOT FLOW THROUGH ROCK OR SOIL

14. AQUIFER
A BODY OF ROCK THAT CONDUCTS GROUNDWATER IN USABLE AMOUNTS - PERMEABLE

15. AQUICLUDE/AQUITARD
AN IMPERMEABLE ROCK THAT DOES NOT CONDUCT WATER IN USABLE AMOUNTS

16. BASE LEVEL SEA LEVEL - THE ULTIMATE BASE LEVEL
LOCAL BASE LEVEL - STREAMS, LAKES, RESISTANT ROCKS, ETC.

17. BASE LEVEL

18. DRAINAGE PATTERNS* PARALLEL-PINNATE RADIAL ANNULAR TRELLIS RECTANGULAR
DENDRITIC
DERANGED

19. PARALLEL-PINNATE

20. RADIAL DRAINAGE

21. ANNULAR

22. TRELLIS

23. RECTANGULAR

24. DENDRITIC

25. LATERAL MIGRATION
MEANDERING
BRAIDED
STRAIGHT

26. meandering

27. BRAIDED STREAM

28. STRAIGHT STREAM

29. HYDRAULIC ACTION* DUE TO TURBULENCE IN WATER
SQUEEZING AND LIFTING OF ROCK

30. ABRASION
GRINDING AND CARVING UP OF MATERIAL LIKE LIQUID SANDPAPER

31. SMOOTHING AND ROUNDING OF ROCK
COBBLES BECOME PEBBLES
PEBBLES BECOME SAND
SAND BECOMES SILT
SILT BECOMES CLAY

32. ***
THE ABILITY OF A STREAM TO ERODE AND TRANSPORT MATERIALS IS RELATED TO ITS SPEED (VELOCITY)

33. FACTORS THAT DETERMINE SPEED
GRADIENT
SHAPE, SIZE, ROUGHNESS OF CHANNEL

34. LONGITUDINAL PROFILE

35. STREAM TRANSPORT OR LOAD*
DISSOLVED LOAD - SOLUTION THAT OFTEN CAN BE BROUGHT IN BY GROUNDWATER-FERTILIZERS/PESTICIDES/CHEMICAL
SUSPENDED LOAD - FINE-GRAINED BITS AND PIECES OF ROCK
BED LOAD - COARSER MATERIAL CARRIED ALONG BOTTOM

36. TYPES OF BED LOAD* SALTATION - LEAPING, SKIPPING, JUMPING ALONG BOTTOM
TRACTION - MATERIAL IS DRAGGED OR ROLLED ALONG BOTTOM

37. Stream load

38. NICKPOINTS OR KNICKPOINTS
ABRUPT CHANGE IN GRADIENT ALONG THE LONGITUDINAL PROFILE
EXAMPLES ARE WATERFALLS, CASCADES, OR RAPIDS

39. WATERFALLS LONELY PLANET PHOTO

40. CYCLE OF EROSION
EVOLUTION OF A LANDFORM AS DEVELOPED BY THE GEOGRAPHER WILLIAM MORRIS DAVIS
STAGES ARE YOUTH, MATURITY, OLD AGE, AND REJUVENATION

41. YOUTH
DEEP V-SHAPED VALLEY
BROAD UPLANDS
STEEP-SIDED VALLEY WALLS

42. youth

43. youthful

44. MATURITY
STREAM BEGINS LATERAL MIGRATION
BROADENED FLOODPLAIN

45. Mature stage

46. mature

47. OLD AGE* MEANDERING STREAM WITH MANY CUTOFFS AND OXBOWS
BROAD FLOODPLAIN

48. Rivers shape the landscape
If there is a large bend in the river, the force of the water cuts through the land
Oxbow = an extreme bend in a river
Oxbow lake = the bend is cut off and remains as an isolated, U-shaped body of water

49. Old age

50. Old age

51. REJUVENATION UPLIFTING OF LAND DURING OLD AGE STAGE
LEAVES ENTRENCHED MEANDERS

52. Entrenched meanders

53. STREAM DEPOSITIONAL FEATURES*
FLOODPLAIN
NATURAL LEVEES
YAZOO STREAM
OXBOW LAKES
MEANDER SCARS

54. LEVEE - YAZOO

55. OXBOW

56. STREAM TERRACES*
ALLUVIAL TERRACES MARK PERIODS OF INCREASED STREAM ENERGY.
APPEAR PAIRED AT SIMILAR ELEVATIONS

57. Stream terraces

58. DELTAS*
CLASSIC TRIANGLE
BIRD’S FOOT

59. delta

60. MISS RIVER DELTA

61. FLOODS 10, 50, & 100 YEAR FLOODPLAIN
JOHNSTOWN FLOOD OF MEMORIAL DAY WEEKEND 1889