1. Aim: How are Landscapes (landforms) formed? Landforms are the results of interaction of tectonic forces, processes of weathering, erosion, deposition, and climate.

2. What are the characteristics of a landscape? 1.Elevation 2.Bedrock 3.Stream drainage pattern 4.Soil characteristics 5.Slope All these help to define the landscape pattern of a region

3. What factors influence landscape development? 1.Uplifting forces (tectonic forces)- originate beneath or within Earth’s lithosphere. 2.Leveling or destructional forces - lower and level out Earth’s surface by breaking the landmasses, transporting sediments along Earth’s surfaces, and depositing sediments. ForcesSource of Energy Uplifting- Volcanic actions, earthquakes and any other movement associated with plate interactions Earth’s interior due to radioactive decay materials and from residual heat from Earth’s formation Leveling- Weathering, erosion, deposition, and sinking Energy from the sun-insolation-and gravity.

4. Types of Landscape Destructive Forces (Leveling)Constructive Forces (Uplifting)

5. More on Landforms Leveling Forces

6. The topographic pattern streams take are not necessarily totally random. They are affected by rocks and their structures. Drainage Patterns

7. Factors affecting Landscape Features Wherever earthquakes and volcanic activities occurs, uplifting is usually the dominant force. Slopes rise up

8. Drainage Patterns drainage pattern: the arrangement of a river and its tributaries types: – dendritic: resembles the branches of a tree or veins in a leaf

9. Drainage Patterns (cont.) – rectangular: when tributaries have frequent 90 o bends and tend to join other streams at right angles; develops on regularly fractured rock

10. Drainage Patterns (cont.) – radial: when the streams diverge outward like spokes of a wheel; formed on high conical mountains

11. Stream Pattern and Geologic Structures