1. IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON PSYCHIC DISORDERS AND SOMATIC DISEASES IN LITHUANIA Dr.Habil. Saulius Šliaupa 1, Prof. Gediminas Žukauskas 2 Msc. Larisa Korabliova 3 Msc. Žydrūnas Dėnas 4 Prof. Algimantas Zakarevičius 5 Ph.D. Marija Jakubėnienė 2, Ph.D. Ona Davidonienė 6 1 Institute of Geology and Geography 2 Institute of Forensic Medicine 3 Lithuanian Geological Survey 4 Vilnius University 5 Vilnius Technical University 6 State Mental Health Centre

2. Study target The presented study is aimed at the recognition of relationships of different human health disorders to natural environmental factors in Lithuania (in a country scale)

3. GeologyRelief Settlment density Settlment density 5 km grid 2 km grid

4. (1) gravity & magnetic fields (2) soil chemistry (3) sub-soil lithology (4) landscape features (5) drinking water chemistry (i)schizophrenia, alcoholic psychosis, suicides, homicides (ii) tuberculosis, cancer, infections, cardiac-vascular, respiratory diseases GEOFACTORSHUMAN HEALTH Data averaged to 45 REGIONS OF LITHUANIA

5. Year 1999

6. Cardiac-vascular disease rate, 1999-2003 45 regions of Lithuania

7. Neotectonic faults Hydrochemical anomalies Sub-soil lithologies Lanscape features NF anomaly Forest Rivers Wetlands

8. Soil chemistry samples Phosphorus ppm Gravity field relief

9. Drinking water Chemistry (more than 10,000 wells)

10. Gravity field Scaled gravity field Scaling of different format data to administrative regions of Lithuania using GIS Neotectonic faults Density of neotectonic faults km/1 km2

11. 72=9(-0.39); 11(-0.34); 13(-0.43). 73=31(-0.35). 74=17(0.31); 20(0.31). 75=31(-0.39). 76=29(0.32); 37(0.32); 63(-0.32). 77=28(0.36); 29(0.34); 30(0.36); 32(0.32); 37(0.35); 63(-0.34). 78=29(0.37); 37(0.37); 63(-0.37). 79=9(0.35); 11(0.33); 16(-0.33); 18(-0.33); 36(-0.32); 38(0.28); 41(0.34). 80=9(0.43); 11(0.39); 26(-0.33); 39(0.37); 40(0.36); 41(0.44); 42(0.35); 61(-0.33); 64(-0.32). 81=9(0.42); 11(0.39); 16(-0.30); 18(-0.30); 36(-0.33); 38(0.41); 39(0.34); 41(0.41); 42(0.33); 64(-0.31). Statistics Faktoriai example R>.30

12. Defined statistical correlations

13. nexus

14. CORRELATION CHART OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

15. Relief vs. respiratory differentiation of the relief (+0.44), essentially in the areas that show less dense drainage network (correlation is - 0.32). Rb and Sr have a negative loading (-0.33) Drinking water salinity and SO 4 (-0,38). RESULTS Soil pH: low values show positive impact on the healt Statistically woods increase the risk (+0.32) water containing increased amount of Ca and HCO 3 statistically has the remedying effect (-0.35) Tuberculosis vs soil pH RESPIRATORY TUBERCULOSIS

16. RESULTS INFECTIONS gravity and magnetic field +0.31 -0.33 High pH of soil – higher disease rate Infections vs pH Correlates with the magnetic field (+0.37). Low disease rate is related to higher concentrations of Na and K (-0,42), higher pH, lower amount of Fe in the drinking water. CARDIAC-VASCULAR Na+K CARDIAC-VASCULAR vs

17. Direct correlation with the magnetic field (+0.30), P, Pb, and Sn correlate reversely (-0.40, -0.38, -0.40) (sandy soil) The schizophrenia also shows some rate decrease for about 30% with increasing concentration of Li in the soil. Aeolian and glaciolacustrine sedimentation areas show the strongest reverse correlation with the schizophrenia. The direct correlation was identified for the geochemical enrichment of the pit (+0.39). RESULTS SHIZOPHRENIA ALCOHOLIC PSYCHOSIS Direct relationship to the relief height and dissection The soil enriched in Yb and Y (and some weaker indications of La, Li, Sr) has statistically lower disease risk. Water chemistry is essential that shows reverse loading (-0.40) of Mg, Ca on the alcoholic psychosis Schizophrenia Phosphorus vs Alcoholic psychosis Mg water vs

18. RESULTS CANCER homicide rates do not show any correlation to environmental factors, except the fault density (+0.35) that positively correlates with the homicide rate HOMICIDE FAULT DENSITY vs Consistent correlation with the magnetic field, essentially with its variability (correlation coefficient +0.45) Some geochemical elements of the soil, i.e. Ti, Zr (+0,32), and Y, Yb, Nb (+0.22 to +0.29 Sandy lithologies (lower risk)

19. Very strong geographical control, maybe it is due to strong impact of the landscape on the economic-social framework? strong correlation of the disease rate with the drinking water chemistry, in particular the remedying (in terms of statistics) effect of potassium It is known that when the potassium starvation becomes chronic in proportions, suicide is often contemplated and sometimes attempted. SUICIDES

20. The environmental variations are rather minor in Lithuania. However, even minor changes in the living environment seem to have a certain impact on the human health. We fully acknowledge that the human health depends on interaction of very different factors, and the environment is one (and maybe not the most important) of those factors. Still, the obtained consistent correlations leave no place for doubts that environmental factors should be taken into account CONCLUSIONS