1. Period 2 Classical Period

2. Bellringer  Pull out your notebook and get ready to go over chart  What is the purpose of religion?  What is the purpose of religion? Consider spiritual and practical purposes  Write on the front of objective 11

3. REMINDER!!  Comparative Essays are DUE NEXT CLASS !

4. Agenda  Reviewing homework  Concept Mastery chart  Activity

5. Objectives  Obj. 11: Describe the major beliefs of Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Daoism and Christianity

6. Classical Religion

7. Concept Mastery Charts 1. Concept 2. Larger concept. Place concept into a larger category 3. Key words 4. Use key words to identify characteristics: Always present, sometimes, & never 5. Examples and Non examples 6. Write down a definition

8. Bellringer  Turn in comparison essay  Pull out worksheet from last class

9. Agenda  Peer Evaluation  Finish activity from last class  Notes

10. Judaism  Monotheistic  Yahweh (Yhwh)  Abraham considered “father” of the Jews  Hebrews are the chosen people of God & Canaan is the chosen land  Messiah will create God’s kingdom on Earth Abraham and Issac by Rembrandt Objective 11

11. Basic Beliefs of Judaism  Death is not the end of human existence  Focus on life instead of afterlife  Believe dead will be physically resurrected  One is saved through commitment to being moral to God.  10 commandments Moses by Rembrandt Objective 11

12. Social Impact of Judaism  Short lived kingdom in the Middle East  Jewish Diaspora  Heavy emphasis on tradition & culture  Language, diet, holidays, etc.  Patriarchal community Israel as a united monarchy lasted from 1050- 930 BCE. Eventually it was divided into two kingdoms. The northern kingdom of Israel would last until 720 BCE. The southern kingdom of Judah would last until 586. The fall of the two kingdoms led to Jewish Diaspora. Objective 13

13. The Diaspora Objective 12+13

14. Confucianism  Started by Confucius (551- 479 BCE) during the Warring States Period in China  Offers solutions to the problems plaguing China  Focus on life rather than the afterlife  Does not advocate a specific deity  Emphasizes worship of ancestors Drawing of Confucius Objective 11

15. Basic Beliefs of Confucianism  Emphasizes li  the “rituals” of everyday life  Goal is to promote harmony on Earth through relationships  Five Relationships  Filial Piety  Education Dacheng Temple in Confucius’ hometown of Qufu in China. Objective 11

16. Social Impact of Confucianism  Becomes foundation of Chinese government  Reinforced importance of patriarchal relationships  Reinforced family as the center of Chinese society  Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Singapore are influenced by Confucian ethic Family altar in Malaysian Chinese home. Family is inviting ancestors to partake in the Hungary Ghost festival Objective 13

17. Daoism (Taoism)  Founded by Laozi (6 th cent. BCE?) during the Warring States Period  Everything revolves around the Dao  Goal: Create societal harmony by living according to the natural laws of the universe  Wu Wei “without action” Objective 11

18. Impact of Daoism  Encourages respect for nature  Heavily influenced Chinese art and literature  Landscape paintings  Yoga and meditation  Hygiene and cleanliness  Medicine Balance between Yin (feminine, dark) and Yang (masculine, light) Objective 13

19. Hinduism  Began in India c.1500 BCE  One god in many different forms  Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva  Krishna  Sacred Texts  Vedas, Bhagavad Gita, Upanishads Shiva, the Destroyer Objective 11

20. Basic Beliefs of Hinduism  Atman  Major Ideas  Dharma (duty)  Karma (action)  Samsara (cycle of life)  Moksha (liberation)  Yogas  Paths or practices  Several different types Kali, goddess of death and destruction Objective 11

21. Social Impact of Hinduism Objective 13

22. Modern Untouchables Modern India has 160 million untouchables or approximately 15% of India’s population. Objective 13

23. Buddhism  Founded by Siddhartha Gautama (563-483 BCE)  Born into kshatriya caste  Reform movement of Hinduism  No specific deity?  Rejects the atman  Believes in spiritual equality  No caste system Objective 11

24. Basic Beliefs of Buddhism  Four Noble Truths  Life is suffering  Desire causes suffering  End suffering by ending desire  To end desire follow the Eightfold Path  Right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration Buddhist Wheel of Life; the eight spokes represent the Eightfold Path Objective 11

25. Spread of Buddhism Objective 12

26. Social Impact of Buddhism Objective 13

27. Agenda  Bellringer  Notes  Project

28. Classical Empire

29. Population Growth

30. Urbanization

31. Afro-Eurasia in 500 BCE

32. Afro-Eurasia in 350 BCE

33. Afro-Eurasia in 200 BCE

34. Afro-Eurasia in 100 CE

35. Persian Empire Objective 19

36. Persian Empire (558-332 BCE)  Founded by Cyrus the Great  Darius I (521-486 BCE)  Balanced central administration & local governors  Divided government into 3 districts ran by satraps  Built the Royal Road  Fought Persian Wars (500- 479 BCE)  Led to the decline of the Persian Empire Objective 19

37. Persian Empire  Persian Society  Women worked in textile manufacturing  Government used slaves to complete public works projects  Persian Economy  Government coined money  Facilitated trade from Greece to India  Persian Religion  Zoroastrianism Objective 19

38.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q- mkVSasZIM&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&s afety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode= 1&safe=active http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q- mkVSasZIM&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&s afety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode= 1&safe=active

39. World in 350 BCE

40. Classical China  Zhou Dynasty (1029-258)  Mandate of Heaven  Feudalism  Decline of Zhou Dynasty  Confucianism  Daoism  Legalism  Warring States Period  Kingdom of Qin began expanding during the 3 rd century BCE Objective 15

41. Qin Dynasty (221-202 BCE)  Used Legalism to restore order  Land reforms weakened aristocracy  Peasants were given land rights to farm remote territories  Centralized bureaucracy  Unified China  Standardized script, laws, and weights & measures Objective 15

42. Qin Shi Huangdi  Proclaimed himself “First Emperor” of China  Centralized Power  Disarmed local militaries  Built roads & defensive walls  Demanded burning of books  Used forced labor to complete public works projects Objective 15

43. Terra Cotta Army Objective 15

44. Terra Cotta Army Objective 15

45. Early Han Dynasty (202 BCE-9 CE)  Founded by Liu Bang  Longest dynasty in Chinese History  Conquered northern Vietnam, Korea, and Central Asia  Tribute System  Monopolized iron, salt, and liquor Objective 16

46. Han Wudi (Wu Ti)  Ruled from 141-87 BCE  Supported Legalism  Two Goals  Centralize government  Expand the empire  Reforms  Expanded bureaucracy  Started an imperial university  Confucian examination system  Expanded the Silk Roads Objective 16

47. Mauryan Dynasty  Founded by Chandragupta Maurya Objective 14

48. Ashoka (268-232 BCE)  Conquered most of India  Used elephants in warfare  Battle of Kalinga  Reforms  Pillars of Ashoka  Centralized bureaucracy  Expanded agriculture  Built roads to promote trade  Promoted the spread of Buddhism  Empire declined after Ashoka’s death Objective 14

49. Gupta Dynasty (320-565 CE)  Founded by Chandra Gupta  Used alliances, tribute & conquest  Gupta Government  Coalition of regional kingdoms  Policy & administration left to local rulers  Eventually destroyed by the White Huns Objective 14

50.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Nn5 uqE3C9w&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&safe ty_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&sa fe=active http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Nn5 uqE3C9w&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&safe ty_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&sa fe=active 

51. Ancient Greece  Geography prevented political unification  Culturally unified  City-States  Cities offered safety and wealth  Different political systems  Unified when threatened  Persian Wars  Wars weaken city-states  Peloponnesian War (431-404 BCE) Objective 17

52. Greek Colonization Objective 17

53. Alexander the Great (332-323 BCE)  Father, Philip II, conquered most of Greece  Built a massive empire  Conquered Persia & Egypt  Threatened India  Empire divided into 3 parts after his death  Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt  Seleucid Empire in Persia Objective 17

54. Hellenistic Empire Indus Objective 17

55.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TG55 ErfdaeY&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&safety _mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe =active http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TG55 ErfdaeY&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&safety _mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe =active 

56. Roman Republic (509-44 BCE)  Political System  Consuls  Senate (patricians)  Tribunes (plebeians)  Military expansion  Assimilated conquered peoples  Twelve Tables  Created a standardized system of laws  Established rights for defendants Objective 18

57. Expansion of Roman Republic Objective 18

58. End of Republic  Growing tensions between rich & poor  Latifundias  Large plantations in conquered lands controlled by aristocrats  Julius Caesar  Dictator for life in 44 BCE  Reforms  Sought to relieve tension between the classes  Executed by aristocratic conspirators Objective 18+20

59. Roman Empire (31 BCE-476 CE)  Established by Augustus  Continued military expansion  Pax Romana  NOT  NOT a dynasty  Succession often depended upon military strength  Tolerated local customs & religions  Laws & patriotism held empire together Objective 18

60.  http://www.youtube. com/watch?v=oPf27 gAup9U&list=PLBDA2E 52FB1EF80C9 http://www.youtube. com/watch?v=oPf27 gAup9U&list=PLBDA2E 52FB1EF80C9

61. The Olmec  Olmec emerge in Mesoamerica c.1400- 400 BCE  Olmec zone is dense tropical forest

62. Olmec Government & Society  Several city-states with common culture  Social Hierarchy  Highest rank is that of the chief  Dominated by landed aristocracy  Laborers forced to build temples, palaces, and drainage canals

63. Olmec Religion  Polytheistic  Deities blended male & female, animal & human characteristics  Feathered-serpent god (right)  Shamans organized religious life  Religion led to development of writing system and calendar

64. Olmec Art  Building of clay pyramids and temple mounds  Particular sculptural style  Jaguars  Fine jade carving  Colossal heads

65. Legacy of Ancient Civilizations  Writing systems, religions, and technology was influenced the development of new civilizations and cultures  Ancient civilizations decline by 1000 BCE  Subject to nomadic invasions  Political and cultural centers shift to new geographical areas (except China)

66. Maya (300–900 CE)  Heirs to Olmec traditions  Culturally unified city-states  Never form a unified political system  Built elaborate religious and commercial centers  Tikal & Chichen-Itza  Traded luxury products  Advanced math & science  Zero, solar year, etc.

67. Chichen-Itza

68. Mayan Architecture

69. Mayan Observatory

71. Mayan Decline  Maya city-states were abandoned or destroyed between 800-900 CE  Causes for decline include:  The disruption of trade after the decline of Teotihuacan in Central Mexico  Environmental degradation caused by overpopulation  Epidemic disease

72. Bellringer  What are characteristic of classical empires?