1. The Former Soviet Union

2. This PREtest should be your first page of notes so it can help you study for the quiz we will take at the end!

3. From Russia to USSR to Russia again… Please list modern day countries on the maps of Europe and Asia that were once part of the SOVIET UNION.

4. Create 3 Columns 1. OWN IT: you will list terms here that you know, can define, feel you understand completely 2. FAMILIAR W/IT: this column is for terms you have heard, might be able to fake knowing, but really aren’t sure exactly how to use 3. WHAT IS IT: this final column is for terms that are very new to you and that you know you must learn

5. The TERMS for you to sort and master: monarchy Romanovs industrialization urbanization Red Square Communism Marxism Lenin Stalin Russia Soviet Union Cold War Détente SALT I & II Gorbachev Glasnost hardliner Caucasus coup Iron Curtain Chechnya South Ossetia Putin Crimea Peninsula democratization

6. Czarist Russia Romanovs – last ruling family Monarchy was outdated and out of touch with the needs of the people Industrialization caused explosion of population in cities and all the problems that come with urbanization Poor were very poor and growing in numbers daily

7. Czarist Russia

8. Royal family blamed for the plight of the poor Poor encouraged to support a revolution Families of soldiers encouraged revolution Strong military leaders saw the opportunity to lead a revolution

9. What is this?

10. The Kremlin A major fortified central complex in historic Russian cities This one is the most famous one On one side of Red Square in Moscow Referred to as the White House of Russia

11. What is this?

12. St. Basil’s Cathedral Built in the late 16 th century as the Cathedral of Vasily the Blessed Located on one side of Red Square Became a museum during the Soviet Union’s anti- theist campaigns

13. What is this?

14. Red Square Center of Moscow Majors streets originate from the square The name doesn’t originate from the color of the square or the association of red and communism… The Russian word krasnaya means red or beautiful originally applied to St. Basil’s Cathedral transferred to the nearby square

15. Communism Promised equality and stability Marxism is based on the idea of the proletariat (the poor) rising up and taking over the bourgeoisie (the rich) Creating a “governmentless”/classless society Everyone is dependent on each other – on the community

16. Communism After a protracted revolution and civil war a Marxist government was set up under Vladimir I. Lenin But circumstances did not change for the common man…

17. Communism To gain control of such a huge and disparate population… State run newspapers and radio Economic reforms Reeducation camps Made only more restrictive by Joseph Stalin

18. Soviet Union

19. Cold War After WWII Soviet Union takes control of eastern Europe and parts of Asia New enemy – the United States and democracy Arms race Space race The Influence Game

20. Detente 1970s and 80s US and USSR figured out that they needed the rest of the world and each other to flourish economically. Nixon visits Soviet Union and China – making sure to establish ties with each BTW - USSR and China hate each other Ending the Arms Race SALT I and SALT II

21. Mikhail Gorbachev Democratization Elections to a national congress Legality Judicial system as instrument of the state or regulator of the state Glasnost Regain credibility Free press Nobel Peace Prize - 1990

22. The End of the Soviet Union Independence Movements Eastern Europe Caucasus Stans August of 1991 – coup attempt Commonwealth of Independent States Russia and the rest…

23. Russia

24. Issues Chechnya Georgia Freedom of the Press Putin Ukraine

25. Chechnya Republic of Russia Wants independence from Russia Russia has spent a lot of money and men keeping Chechnya part of the Russian Federation

26. Georgia Russia invaded Georgia in August 2008 The provinces of South Ossetia and Abkhazia wanted to break away from Georgia to join Russia Cease-fire agreement, but Russia still present in those provinces

27. Freedom of the Press In 2002 the last independent TV national news station was closed Only state-owned national TV stations now Violence against journalists By 2007, 21 journalists had been killed Most cases never prosecuted Alexander Litvinenko, critic of Putin, poisoned with radiation while living in Britain

28. Vladimir Putin President – Prime Minister – President Stabilized economy Reasserted Russian dominance in the area Prosecuted key figures in business community – including outspoken rivals “nationalized” oil companies into Gazprom Governors over provinces no longer elected – appointment system

29. Popular Putin 2009 – popularity rating of 68% only 57% of Russians felt the country needed democracy 60% wanted the president to be in control of both the courts and parliament August 2014 Poll – according to the Moscow Times 86% approval rating

30. Popular Putin If democracy is based on majority rule, then does the US have a right to interfere with the direction Russia is taking as long as it is supported by a majority in the country?

31. Ukraine Independent nation since 1991 Energy spats with Russia Pipeline Supply cut-off Ukrainian Revolution Viktor Yanukovych – pro-Russian president ousted Eastern Ukraine (pro-Russian) rebels against Kiev Russia supports rebels – quietly, at first

32. Ukraine Russia calls the revolution a coup Takes the Crimea Peninsula by force Russia sends troops to the border of Ukraine Russia arms rebels Rebels shoot down Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 With a ground to air missile… supplied by Russia Rebels won’t let investigators near the crash site