1. Skeletal System Abnormalities, Disorders, etc.

2. Spine Curvatures Scoliosis (thoracic curvature)

3. Lordosis ( lumbar curvature )

4. Kyphosis (thoracic curvature)

5. Joint Disorders sprain – ligaments around joint pulled or torn

6. dislocation – one bone pulled out of socket

7. bursitis – inflammation of synovial membrane of joint

8. Arthritis inflammatory or degenerative disease that damages joints wide spread, crippling disease pain, stiffness, swelling of joint some with bacterial cause

9. Arthritis chronic: osteoarthritis ◦ affects articular cartilage ◦ bone spurs ◦ restricted movement ◦ fingers, cervical and lumbar vertebrae, knees, hips

11. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) ◦ inflammatory disorder ◦ autoimmune disease  immune tissue erodes cartilage  Scar tissue fuses to bones. ◦ 3 times more common in women ◦ wrists, fingers, ankles, feet

13. Gouty arthritis (gout) ◦ uric acid build up in blood; deposited as needle-shaped crystals in soft tissue of big toe

14. Bone Disorders giantism – excessive growth of long bones dwarfism – adults under 4’ 10” osteomyelitis ◦ bone inflammation ◦ caused by bacterial infection

15. osteogenesis imperfecta ◦ genetic disorders ◦ produce very brittle bones due to insufficient collagen

16. carpal tunnel syndrome anterior side of wrist tunnel formed by bones and ligaments Trauma or overuse cause inflammation in tunnel and fluid put pressure on nerves.

17. osteoporosis reduction in overall quality of bone tissue ◦ loss of bone mass ◦ deformed bones ◦ prone to fracture By age 40 ◦ women lose ½ bone mass. ◦ men lose ¼.