1. Letters Home from Yosemite
Unit 1 Grammar Week 5
Letters Home from Yosemite

2. Clauses and Complex Sentences

3. Clauses and Complex Sentences
A clause is a group of words with a subject and a verb.
A dependent clause begins with a word such a because or when.
It cannot stand alone as a sentence.

4. Clause and Complex Sentences
Independent Clauses can stand alone.
Dependent Clause: when we saw Yosemite
Independent Clause: It was a beautiful fall day.

5. Clauses and Complex Sentences
A sentence made up of a dependent clause and an independent clause is a complex sentence.
When the dependent clause comes first in the sentence, it is followed by a comma.

6. Examples When we saw Yosemite, it was a beautiful fall day.
It was a beautiful fall day when we saw Yosemite.

7. Practice—Find the dependent clause.
We value our national parks because they are so wild.
Although people love cities, the wilderness is special.

8. Practice—Find the independent clause
Until a law was passed, our country had no national parks.
As you probably know, there are many parks today.

9. Dependent or Independent Clause?
Since I last wrote, we’ve made big plans.
After school gets out, Ted can take us camping.
We’ll go to Baxter State Park because it’s really wild.

10. Dependent or Independent Clause?
If the weather is good, we can climb Mt. Katahdin. We don’t plan our route until we’ve studied the map. Before we go, we need to decide about food.

11. Test Prep Grandpa told stories at night ___ we stayed up to listen.
A , and C , or
B and, D and
In one story he had scared a ghost ____ in another he had tamed a tornado.
A and C or
B , and D or,

12. Test Prep—Independent Clause
unless you want to freeze
when you pack
if you like hot food
carry matches with you
because we started late
although we’re very tired
we have a long way to go
Since we got lost

13. Test Prep—Dependent clauses
___ we can’t light a fire, we’ll eat sandwiches. Or
Since
Before
But
The dog growls ___ she hears the coyotes howling.
although
when or
but

14. Dependent or Independent?
When school is out, we will visit my uncle Bill.
Before he retired, he worked in New York City.
He moved to Vermont after he bought an old farm.
Although he is not a farmer, he loves life in Vermont.

15. Combine the sentences using the word in ( ).
Lou sat in the front. He had never been in a canoe. (since)
We paddled upstream. We were tired. (until)
We stopped. We came to a good place for lunch. (when)
The swimming was great. The water was cold. (although)