1. 1 Outlines on Classical Condition, Operant Conditioning & Punishment Carolyn R. Fallahi, Ph. D.

2. 2 Classical Conditioning  Pavlovian Conditioning UCS (food in mouth) ------------- UCR NS (bowl) -------------------------- NO SALIVATION NS + UCS (food in mouth) ------ SALIVATION CS (bowl) -------------------------- CR (salivation)

3. 3 John Watson  Little Albert experiment  Issue – biology makes a difference

4. 4 Terms In Classical Conditioning  Extinction  Spontaneous Recovery  Generalization  Discrimination

5. 5 Taste Aversion  A form of Classical Conditioning  Example  Biological predisposition to Classical Conditioning (Watson, 1924)  Unfamiliar taste – delayed illness – avoidance  Familiar taste & unfamiliar shape = delayed illness – no avoidance

6. 6 Application of Pavlov – Pavlov’s Legacy  Advertisement  Politicians  TV weather forecasters!

7. 7 Reinforcement Principles  Positive Reinforcement  Negative Reinforcement Escape conditioning Avoidance Conditioning

8. 8 Punishment – does it work?  The Dangers of Punishment Reinforcing to the punisher Generalized inhibiting effect We dislike the punisher What about teaching?  The criticism trap  The use of aversives  B. F. Skinner’s view

9. 9 Operant Conditoning  Behaviorism  B. F. Skinner (1904-1990)  Law of Effect (Thorndike)

10. 10 Operant Conditioning  The Skinner Box  Shaping  Reinforcement  Discrimination  Generalization  Extinction  Spontaneous Recovery

11. 11 Schedules of Reinforcement  Primary reinforcement  Secondary reinforcement  Fixed Ratio  Fixed Interval  Variable Ratio  Variable Interval

12. Bandura & Violence on T.V.  Modeling  Who are we likely to imitate? 12 graphics8.nytimes.com/.../posts/0115bobo.jpg

13. Seligman  Learned Helplessness = link to depression?  Learned Optimism 13 Worth Publishers