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Classical conditioning Video clips 609/http://www.psychexchange.co.uk/videos/view/20 609/ 2 and a half men.

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Presentation on theme: "Classical conditioning Video clips 609/http://www.psychexchange.co.uk/videos/view/20 609/ 2 and a half men."— Presentation transcript:

1 Classical conditioning Video clips http://www.psychexchange.co.uk/videos/view/20 609/http://www.psychexchange.co.uk/videos/view/20 609/ 2 and a half men clip http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JA96Fba- WHkhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JA96Fba- WHk Big Bang theory clip positive reinforcement

2 http://www.psychexchange.co.uk/_hotpotatoes/8102644451233 992961.htmhttp://www.psychexchange.co.uk/_hotpotatoes/8102644451233 992961.htm pavlov cloze http://www.psychexchange.co.uk/videos/ view/20088/ recreation of Pavlov’s dogs http://www.psychexchange.co.uk/videos/ view/20088/ http://www.psychexchange.co.uk/videos/view/20445/http://www.psychexchange.co.uk/videos/view/20445/ boy and bbgun http://www.psychexchange.co.uk/ videos/view/20218/http://www.psychexchange.co.uk/ videos/view/20218/ basic CC http://www.psychexchange.co.uk/videos/view/20132/http://www.psychexchange.co.uk/videos/view/20132/ John Watson – Little Albert http://www.psychexchange.co.uk/_hotpotatoes/5408354791237315696.ht mhttp://www.psychexchange.co.uk/_hotpotatoes/5408354791237315696.ht m match quiz Pavlov

3 Atypical Behaviour – Core Theory The Behaviourist Theory What was the weirdest phobia you could find?

4 BATs Outline the behaviourist theory of phobias (D+) Explain how classical and operant conditioning can start and maintain a phobia (B+) Homework – 1. Describe Classical Conditioning in relation to a phobia of your choice. (5 marks) 2. Explain how the idea of Operant Conditioning can explain why the phobia continues and isn’t extinguished. (3 marks)

5 The Behaviourist Theory Behaviourists are Psychologists who believe that behaviours are LEARNED not NATURAL. They believe we learn to be PHOBIC. Many people can link their phobia to a bad experience Children often have similar phobias to parents

6 Classical Conditioning ‘Learning by Association’ – people learn to associate a particular response with a particular stimulus. e.g. When asked a question (stimulus) in class you have learnt to automatically put your hand up (response)

7 Classical Conditioning Behaviourists accept that some behaviours are not learnt, but INSTINCTIVE e.g. responses like vomiting, sexual arousal and anxiety They called these UNCONDITIONED RESPONSES (UCR) These responses are triggered by UNCONDITIONED STIMULI (UCS) Objects and events that naturally cause the reaction e.g. poison, stimulating genitals and a threat

8 Classical Conditioning BUT – sometimes these responses happen because of a NEUTRAL STIMULUS (NS) – one that normally doesn’t cause a reaction. e.g. NS = burger. You may once have been sick after eating one. you then ASSOCIATE the burger(NS) with the response (vomiting) Next time you have a burger it makes you feel sick!! You have been Classically Conditioned

9 Classical Conditioning The Neutral Stimulus (e.g. burger)is now known as a CONDITIONED STIMULUS (CS) because it triggers a learnt response The response itself doesn’t change (i.e. vomiting), but as it is a response to a CS It is now known as a CONDITIONED RESPONSE (CR) http://www.psychexchange.co.uk/videos/view/20445/http://www.psychexchange.co.uk/videos/view/20445/ boy and bbgun see also African Land snails

10 Over to you … Do activities 5.4 and 5.5 p66-67– use the worksheet. http://www.psychexchange.co.uk/video s/view/20088/ recreation of Pavlov’s dogs http://www.psychexchange.co.uk/video s/view/20088/ Copy diagrams on p67 to illustrate Pavlov’s experiment EXTENSION – Activity 5.6 p67 What does Stimulus Generalisation mean? Breaktime!

11 UCSUCR NS CSCR FOOD SALIVATION BELL SALIVATION Classical Conditioning – Pavlov’s Experiment

12 How can Classical Conditioning be used to explain the start of Phobias? Phobias are the result of a negative experience with a feared object, context or activity Fear is the Unconditioned Response (UR) Feared object, action e.t.c is the US A NS can be associated with the feared action/object e.t.c Here is an example – see p68 …

13 UCS (sting) UCR FEAR NS (bee) CS (bee) Apiphobia – a fear of bees + CR FEAR association This can happen after one bad experience – ONE TRIAL LEARNING

14 How can Classical Conditioning be used to explain how Phobias continue? 1. Stimulus generalisation – associate CR with stimuli similar to the original stimulus (e.g. apiphobics may also fear wasps) 2. Extinction – associations between stimulus and response gradually disappear – but why don’t people stop being phobic if they have not encountered the stimulus that causes their phobia for a while?

15 How can Classical Conditioning be used to explain how Phobias continue? 3. Operant Conditioning – ‘learning by consequences’. If consequence of an action is rewarding we learn to do it again (positive reinforcement) If the consequence is negative we do not repeat the action (negative reinforcement - punishment)

16 How can Classical Conditioning be used to explain how Phobias continue? 3. Operant Conditioning.. A phobia is also about avoiding the object or situation (Stimulus) Avoidance – feel relieved – REWARDING – keep avoiding the stimulus to get more relief Facing fear (e.g. bee) – ANXIETY – PUNISHING – don’t want to face fear again http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JA96Fba-WHkhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JA96Fba-WHk Big Bang theory clip positive reinforcement

17 Behaviourist theory of phobias All behaviours, including phobias, are learnt. In other words, phobias are conditioned. Phobias start because of classical conditioning. Phobias are maintained (kept going) by operant conditioning.

18 Over to you … Copy the definition of Operant conditioning into your Glossary, plus extinction, stimulus generalisation and one trial learning Create a Classical Conditioning diagram like the one on p68 for a phobia other than Apiphobia Extension – Storyboard or role play a situation when a phobia might ne started and maintained using the ideas of CC and Operant Conditioning

19 Homework 1. Describe Classical Conditioning in relation to a phobia of your choice. (5 marks) 2. Explain how the idea of Operant Conditioning can explain why the phobia continues and isn’t extinguished. (3 marks)

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