1. 1 CHAPTER 9 LEARNING A relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of experience

2. 2 LEARNING PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF LEARNING

3. 3 OPEN BOOK TO PAGE 241 LET’S READ: EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY Why did they choose the purple pens?

4. 4 Pairing a product with pleasant sensations motivates consumers to make a choice without an awareness of WHY they made that choice. This is how advertisers get you!!

5. 5 IVAN PAVLOV Pavlov called this process conditioning- making associations between two events by repeated exposure In essence you LEARN the response even if you are totally UNAWARE this learning took place!

6. 6 IN CLASS NOW 1.COMPLETE PAGES 86-88 IN STUDY GUIDE PACKET (PINK) 2. COMPLETE CLASSICAL CONDITIONING WORKSHEET (YELLOW) WORKSHEET (YELLOW) HOMEWORK: GR 9:1

7. 7 LEARNING 1. COMPLETE CRITICAL THINKING ACTIVITY (GREEN)

8. 8 WHAT IS LEARNING? LEARNING: A relatively permanent change in behavior due to an experience Let’s reflect… How many positive and negative experiences have you had in you life thus far????

9. 9 REVIEW John Watson an early psychologist believed the proper subject matter of psychology ought to be observable behavior. If you cannot see it you cannot study it! Behaviorism is born…the psychological study of observable events

10. 10 Behaviorist BELIEVE that individuals differ in their learning experiences. They acquire different behaviors therefore developing different personalities. AGREE???

11. 11 IVAN PAVLOV AND CLASSICAL CONDITIONING CLASSICAL CONDITIONING a learning procedure in which a learning procedure in which associations are made between a associations are made between a NATURAL stimulus and a NATURAL stimulus and a NEUTRAL stimulus. NEUTRAL stimulus.

12. 12 Stimulus – anything in the environment that one can respond to Response – any behavior or action

13. 13 Stimulus-Response Relationship

14. 14 Stimulus-Response Relationship

15. 15 COMPONENTS OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING COMPONENTS OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

16. 16 1. Neutral stimulus (N) A neutral stimulus results in no response

17. 17 2. Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) A stimulus that triggers an automatic or reflexive response A stimulus that triggers an automatic or reflexive response

18. 18 3. Unconditioned Response (UCR) The automatic response to the unconditioned stimulus Reflexive (not learned)

19. 19 4. Conditioned Stimulus (CS) A stimulus that through learning has gained the power to cause a conditioned response A neutral stimulus (has no special meaning)

20. 20 5. Conditioned Response (CR) The learned response Usually the same as the UCR

21. 21 Name the 5 parts of classical conditioning 1. N 2. UCS 3. UCR 4. CS 5. CR

22. 22 Ivan Pavlov’s Discovery Ivan Pavlov’s Discovery

23. 23 1. Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) A Russian physiologist who discovered classical conditioning while doing experiments on the digestive system of dogs A Russian physiologist who discovered classical conditioning while doing experiments on the digestive system of dogs

24. 24 Pavlov’s Method of Collecting Saliva

25. 25 Pavlov’s Research Apparatus

26. 26 Pavlov’s Experiment

27. 27 Pavlov’s Experiment

28. 28 Pavlov’s Experiment

29. 29 D. Classical Conditioning Processes

30. 30 1. Acquisition is the process of developing a learned response over time. The timing of the association affects learning

31. 31 Example: Taste Aversion Avoiding specific tastes, because they are associated with nausea.

32. 32 2. Extinction Is the reverse process of acquisition or the unlearning of a response you continuously presenting the CS without the UCS… Lets Do The Advanced Problem Activity

33. 33 Under what conditions might a conditioned response (CS) become extinct? When the participant no longer associates the conditioned response CS with the unconditioned response UCS However.. If the CS is presented later it results in

34. 34 3. Spontaneous Recovery The reappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguished conditioned response

35. 35 4. Generalization Producing the same response to two similar stimuli The more similar the substitute stimulus is to the original used in conditioning, the stronger the generalized response Example: Little Albert

36. 36 Little Albert – Before Conditioning

37. 37 Little Albert – During Conditioning

38. 38 Little Albert – After Conditioning

39. 39 Little Albert - Generalization

40. 40 5. Discrimination Producing different responses to two similar stimuli

41. 41 REVIEW Classical conditioning is a behaviorist theory because it attempts to understand behavior in terms of relationships between observable stimuli and observable responses.

42. 42 CLASSICAL CONDITIONING 1 There is always a specific stimulus (UCS) that elicits a desired response 2. (UCS) does not depend on the learners response 3. The learner responds to the environment In contrast, OPERANT CONDITIONING is a process by which the consequences of a response affect the likelihood that the response will occur again. This is what we will study next