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Published byMilo Bridges Modified over 8 years ago
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27.2 Instinct and Learning KEY CONCEPT Both genes and environment affect an animal’s behavior.
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27.2 Instinct and Learning Innate behaviors are triggered by specific internal and external stimuli. An instinct is a complex inborn behavior. Instinctive behaviors share several characteristics. –innate, or performed correctly the first time –relatively inflexible
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27.2 Instinct and Learning –releaser is a simple signal: touch, sight, sound, scent –herring gulls chicks and red dot releaser –environmental factors can affect innate behaviors Many innate behaviors are triggered by a releaser.
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27.2 Instinct and Learning Many behaviors have both innate and learned components. Learning takes many forms. Habituation occurs when an animal learns to ignore a repeated stimulus. Imprinting is a rapid and irreversible learning process. –critical period –Konrad Lorenz and graylag geese
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27.2 Instinct and Learning In imitation, animals learn by observing the behaviors of others. –young male songbirds learn songs by listening to adult males –snow monkeys and potato-washing behavior
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27.2 Instinct and Learning Learning is adaptive. Animals that can learn can better adapt to new situations. In associative learning, a specific action is associated with its consequences. Conditioning is one type of associative learning.
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27.2 Instinct and Learning There are two types of conditioning. –Classical conditioning: previously neutral stimulus associated with behavior triggered by different stimulus –Ivan Pavlov and salivating dog
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27.2 Instinct and Learning There are two types of conditioning. –Operant conditioning: behavior increased or decreased by positive or negative reinforcement –B.F. Skinner and “Skinner boxes”
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