1. USING SOURCES EFFECTIVELY: AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

2. Why do we use sources in papers?  Background information  Strengthens your writing  Adds interest

3. PLAGIARISM IS…  Taking information from a source and not giving proper credit for it –Intentional –Unintentional

4. PLAGIARISM IS…  Using a paper written by someone else (friend or purchased)  Self-recycling

5. COMMON KNOWLEDGE IS…  Information an educated person would be expected to know … –Heat makes people tired in the summer –Puppies have tremendous energy –The 1 st Amendment to the US Constitution concerns freedom of speech

6. COMMON KNOWLEDGE IS…  Information found in many sources and remembered by many people –Cigarette smoking can cause health problems –Many types of trees lose their leaves in the fall –Mud can be sticky –Traditional proverbs…”Waste not, want not”; “Look before you leap”

7. CITING CORRECTLY TO AVOID PLAGIARISM 1. USE GOOD NOTE TAKING SKILLS 2. QUOTE WORDS CORRECTLY 3. PARAPHRASE INFORMATION 4. SUMMARIZE INFORMATION 5. USE PROPER MLA CITATION

8. CITING CORRECTLY TO AVOID PLAGIARISM 1. NOTE TAKING SKILLS: –Include the full bibliographic citation information (cards, notepaper, graphic organizer, etc.) –Place quotation marks around “all word- for-word” copying

9. CITING CORRECTLY TO AVOID PLAGIARISM 2. QUOTING FROM THE SOURCE –Add a lead-in to the quote. –Put quotation marks around the exact words taken from the source –If it is a direct quotation include the speaker’s name –Provide parenthetical citation (author and page number) VIF!!!!

10. PROPER QUOTATION EXAMPLE King James I wrote about smoking, “It is a custom loathsome to the eye, hateful to the nose, harmful to the brain, and dangerous to the lungs” (Andrews 131). Speaker’s name Quotation marks around the words Parenthetical citation: (author and page #)

11. CITING CORRECTLY TO AVOID PLAGIARISM 3. PARAPHRASING –Converts a source’s words into about the same number of your own words Must be almost entirely in your own words Use a different sentence structure from the source Rearrange the order of ideas

12. HOW TO PARAPHRASE  Read the passage several times  Write the paraphrase without looking at the source  Add parenthetical citation VIF

13. PARAPHRASE EXAMPLE TEXT FROM SOURCE: Retailers may use discounted-price sales in order to clear excess inventories. However, if price discounting occurs too frequently, customers might come to expect such events regularly and therefore defer purchases in anticipation of upcoming off-price events. Is such a case, this shifted buying pattern will reduce the retailer’s full-margin volume and possibly only worsen the excess inventory problem. Jane Bowman, 2008, p. 321 (58 words)

14. PARAPHRASE EXAMPLE PARAPHRASED: Some stores, according to Jane Bowman, regularly offer good sales on their merchandise to attract more customers. But when sales occur too often, the customers will simply wait for another sale to happen before buying a product. So the full price merchandise will not be sold and will remain in the store’s inventory (321). (53 words)

15. CITING CORRECTLY TO AVOID PLAGIARISM 4. SUMMARIZING –Reduces a source’s words into fewer of your own words –Condenses a source’s idea in a shorter way than paraphrasing would allow.

16. HOW TO SUMMARIZE  Read the source passage several times to understand it  Write the summary using your own words and sentence structure without adding new ideas  Use parenthetical citation VIF

17. SUMMARIZING EXAMPLE SOURCE TEXT: Fire is both a devastating and a renewing event in the life of the forest. An unchecked forest fire can clear thousands of acres, burning to ashes every tree, bush, and vine, together with the plant material on the forest floor that supplies mulch for vegetations, protection and food for insects,and along with roots erosion control. Small animals and insects are killed off by the fire and heat while larger animals that survive temporarily be fleeing may live only to starve later because their food supply has been eliminated. Without the erosion control of the forest plants, the winter rains can wash precious topsoil, clogging rivers and killing fish and leaving an even more barren landscape. However, the same fire that has caused this destruction also has cleansed the forest of dead or diseased trees and killed harmful pests such as pine beetles. Some types of seed require the heat of a fire in order to germinate; they now have the opportunity to being new life. Other small seedlings are now able to grow also, freed from the deep shade and competition of the previous vegetation. Even the washes can add their chemistry to the soil Robert Morgan, 2007, p. 75 210 words

18. SUMMARIZING EXAMPLE Summarized Morgan passage: In a forest fire, Morgan points out, everything is destroyed. Trees and mulch turn to ashes, and smaller wildlife is killed. However, he notes that insect pests and diseased trees are also turned to a soil-amending ash, while heat-germinating seeds can now grow. In Morgan’s view, then, a forest fire can be both harmful and helpful (75). 55 words

19. CITING CORRECTLY TO AVOID PLAGIARISM… Place your sources in a Works Cited at the end of the report Works Cited Andrews, John F., ed. Shakespeare’s World and Work: An Encyclopedia for Students. Vol. 1. New York: Scribners, 2001. Harris, Robert A. Using Sources Effectively. Los Angeles: Pyrczak, 2002.

20. REVIEW CITING CORRECTLY TO AVOID PLAGIARISM 1. N (USE GOOD NOTE TAKING SKILLS) 2. Q (QUOTE WORDS CORRECTLY) 3. P (PARAPHRASE INFORMATION) 4. S (SUMMARIZE INFORMATION) 5. M (USE PROPER MLA CITATION)