1. R EPRODUCTION T ECHNIQUES IN M ONERA K INGDOM : By:Alessio,Giosue and Alexandra

2. Most prokaryotes reproduce asexually through binary fission. This is where the cell makes a duplicate of itself and one DNA molecule passes into a newly formed cell. These two cells are genetically identical. Binary fission does not allow for the bacteria to acquire genetic diversity. This diversity is needed for bacteria to withstand changing environments. Bacteria have the ability to shuffle genes through several processes. These processes include transformation, conjugation, and transduction

3. Unlike eukaryotic cells, which divide by mitosis or meiosis, eubacteria reproduce by binary fission. In this process, the genetic material is replicated, and the two copies move to separate nucleoid regions. Next, the plasma membrane pinches inward, producing two equal daughter cells. While these daughter cells are completely independent of each other, in some species they remain together, forming colonies and filaments. Binary fission can take place very rapidly, on the order of about one split every 20 minutes, accounting for the amazing replicative ability of eubacteria.mitosismeiosis

4. E UBACTERIA Asexual reproduction (by binary fission) is the only method of reproduction among bacteria, however this only increases bacterial numbers not their genetic variation. Genetic variation in bacteria does occur and is accomplished by 4 methods. Three methods are by obtaining genes from the environment or other bacteria. The fourth method is simply by mutation Some bacteria can be photosynthetic, using H2S rather than H2O, as a source of electrons, but most are heterotrophic, absorbing nutrients from the surrounding environment.

5. Microscopic examination of bacterial cels reveals that most bacteria can be classified according to three basic shapes: bacilli (rods), cocci (spheres), and spirilla (spirals, or corkscrews).

6. A RCHAEBACTERIA Archaea,like bacteria are prokaryotes. They doesn’t have any cell nucleus or any other organelles in their cells. In the past they were like an unusual group of bacteria called Archaebacteria, but Archaea have an independent evolutionary history and many differences in their biochemistry, now they are classified as a separate domain in the three- domain system. Generally, bacteria and Archae are very similar in size and shape.

7. Archaebacteria reproduce asexually and divide by binary fission, fragmentation or budding, meiosis does not occur, cause meiosis doesn’t occur every species of Archae will have the same genetic material. Spores are made by eukaryotes and bacteria but they doesn’t form in the known bacteria. Some species of Haloarchaea grow as different types of cell, including thick-walled structures that can resist the osmotic shock that allow the Archae to survive in water at low concentrations of salt, but these are not reproductive structures so these help them disperse to different habitats.

8. Archae are part of the systems on Earth that have the work to recycle elements like carbon, nitrogen and sulfur in the ecosystems. Archae can also contribute to the changes that humans cause in the environments, that’s why its so important that Archae reproduces. Archaebacteria is the oldest living organisms and can be found in the most extreme environments.

9. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEwzD ydciWc