1. FOSSIL FUELS II NATURAL GAS

2. Mixture of light hydrocarbons, mostly Methane, CH 4. Mixture of light hydrocarbons, mostly Methane, CH 4.

3. In its natural state it has no color or odor. In its natural state it has no color or odor. The odor comes from a chemical called mercaptan, which gives natural gas that funny sulfur-like or rotten egg odor. The odor comes from a chemical called mercaptan, which gives natural gas that funny sulfur-like or rotten egg odor. Much Cleaner burning than oil or coal. (cleanest fossil fuel) Much Cleaner burning than oil or coal. (cleanest fossil fuel) Far less CO 2 emissions than oil or coal. Far less CO 2 emissions than oil or coal.

4. Formed by same basic processes as oil. Formed by same basic processes as oil. Can be found alone in reservoirs (non- associated gas) or in the same reservoirs as crude oil (associated gas). Can be found alone in reservoirs (non- associated gas) or in the same reservoirs as crude oil (associated gas). Also can be found in coal beds and shale. (more later) Also can be found in coal beds and shale. (more later) Much of what we know about finding reserves we learned from searching for oil. Much of what we know about finding reserves we learned from searching for oil.

5. US Oil & Gas Locations

7. The first well was drilled in 1821. The first well was drilled in 1821. Before the industry could expand, we had to build a pipeline system to deliver the gas to customers. Before the industry could expand, we had to build a pipeline system to deliver the gas to customers. After WWII, a high pressure pipeline networks was constructed to serve the entire US. (over 1,000,000 miles of pipe.) After WWII, a high pressure pipeline networks was constructed to serve the entire US. (over 1,000,000 miles of pipe.)

9. Gas pipeline in the UK

10. Exploration Much of what we know comes from searching for oil. Much of what we know comes from searching for oil. Possible Deep earth mechanism for production. Could signify a large (but deep) supply. Possible Deep earth mechanism for production. Could signify a large (but deep) supply. Potential to generate methane from biological processes. Potential to generate methane from biological processes. More recently, coal bed methane and fracking shale More recently, coal bed methane and fracking shale

11. Other Sources of Natural Gas Argentine researchers discovered methane from cows accounts for more than 30 per cent of the country's total greenhouse emissions.

12. Should fracking be allowed? 1. Yes 2. No 3. What the heck is fracking?

13. Hydraulic Fracking CBS News Marathon Oil Reason TV

15. Advantages of Shale Gas Large domestic reserves (possibly up to 100 years worth.) Large domestic reserves (possibly up to 100 years worth.) Price of natural gas has dramatically fallen. Price of natural gas has dramatically fallen. US carbon emission reduced by 12% from peak of 6.023 billion tons in 2007. This is a 20 year low. US carbon emission reduced by 12% from peak of 6.023 billion tons in 2007. This is a 20 year low. Fracking technology has been used for 60 years. Fracking technology has been used for 60 years. We could become a natural gas exporter. We could become a natural gas exporter.

16. Disadvantages of Shale Gas Wells may be polluting ground water in some regions. (Usually not due to fracking but rather poor well construction) Wells may be polluting ground water in some regions. (Usually not due to fracking but rather poor well construction) Possibly linked to minor earthqukes. Possibly linked to minor earthqukes. Really bad name Really bad name Delays moving towards more renewable energy Delays moving towards more renewable energy

17. Should fracking be allowed? 1. Yes 2. No 3. Oh…so that’s what fracking is.

18. Coal Bed Methane CBM extraction involves pumping large volumes of water from coal seams in order to release water pressure that traps gas within the coal. CBM extraction involves pumping large volumes of water from coal seams in order to release water pressure that traps gas within the coal. Very inexpensive to develop. Very inexpensive to develop. Not a prevalent with the development of Shale gas Not a prevalent with the development of Shale gas

20. Environmental Problems with CBM Discharge water at up to 100 gallon per minute per well. (15,000-20,000 wells) Discharge water at up to 100 gallon per minute per well. (15,000-20,000 wells) Discharge water is more “salty” than normal and can cause significant soil damage. Discharge water is more “salty” than normal and can cause significant soil damage. New roads and power lines to get to the wells New roads and power lines to get to the wells Large loud compressors. Large loud compressors.

21. CBM Discharge Pools

22. Should coal bed methane development be allowed on public land? 1. Yes 2. No

23. US Natural Gas Production by Source

24. Proved Reserves (2009)