1. Subject Matter ： Description, Quality, Quantity and Packing  Chapter 2 Quality  Chapter 3 QuantityChapter 3 Quantity  Chapter 4 Packing Requirement

2. Chapter 3 Quantity  Aims and Requirements Aims and Requirements  3.1 The Metrology in Foreign Trade 3.1 The Metrology in Foreign Trade  3.2 Unit of Measurement 3.2 Unit of Measurement  3.3 Calculated by Weight 3.3 Calculated by Weight  3.4 Quantity Clause 3.4 Quantity Clause  Case Study Case Study

3. Aims and Requirements Teaching Methods: Discussion, Case Study, English Teaching Aims: To grasp the methods of expressing Quantity; To learn how to write Quantity Clause in contract. Key Points: Calculate by Weight, More or Less Clause, Quantity Clause

4. 3.1 The Metrology in Foreign Trade The Metric System The British System The U.S. System The International System of Units (SI)

5. 3.2 Unit of Measurement Weight: kg. m/t. gm. lb. l/t. s/t etc. Capacity:l. gal. bushel. etc. Numbers: pc. pkg. pair, set, doz. gr.etc. Length: yd. m. ft. cm. etc. Area: square yd, square meter etc. Volume: cubic yard, cubic meter etc. (UK) long ton = 1.01605 mt; (US) short ton = 0.9072 mt

6. 3.3 Calculated by Weight Gross weight = net weight + tare “ gross for net ” indicates the goods of little values net weight = gross weight - tare there are ways to subtract tare, namely, to subtract the real tare, or actual tare, average tare, the customary tare and the computed tare.

7. legal weight and net net weight used mainly for tax calculation conditioned weight ( 公量 ) 公量 = 商品净重 ×(1+ 公定回潮率 /1+ 实际回 潮率 )

8. 3.4 Quantity Clause The quantity of goods delivered should be identical to the contract requirement. If not, the buyer reserves the right to lodge a claim for compensation. Specific quantity + unit + method of measurement e.g. 2,800 m/t 567 pcs 200 doz

9. More or less clause (plus or minus clause) Unless a contract stipulates that the quantity of the goods specified must not be exceeded or reduced, a tolerance of a certain percent more or less will be permissible. e.g. 5000m/t, with 5% more or less at seller ’ s option (at buyer ’ s option )

10. a. The words "about" or "approximately" used in connection with the amount of the credit or the quantity or the unit price stated in the credit are to be construed as allowing a tolerance not to exceed 10% more or 10% less than the amount, the quantity or the unit price to which they refer. “ 约 ” 或 “ 大约 ” 用语信用证金额或信用证规定的数量或单价时， 应解释为允许有关金额或数量或单价有不超过 10% 的增减 幅度。 Tolerance in Quantity Stipulated in UCP600

11. b. A tolerance not to exceed 5% more or 5% less than the quantity of the goods is allowed, provided the credit does not state the quantity in terms of a stipulated number of packing units or individual items and the total amount of the drawings does not exceed the amount of the credit. 在信用证未以包装单位件数或货物自身件数的方式规 定货物数量时，货物数量允许有 5% 的增减幅度，只要 总支取金额不超过信用证金额。

12. c. Even when partial shipments are not allowed, a tolerance not to exceed 5% less than the amount of the credit is allowed, provided that the quantity of the goods, if stated in the credit, is shipped in full and a unit price, if stated in the credit, is not reduced or that sub-article 30 (b) is not applicable. This tolerance does not apply when the credit stipulates a specific tolerance or uses the expressions referred to in sub-article 30 (a). 如果信用证规定了货物数量，而该数量已全部发运， 及如果信用证规定了单价，而该单价又未降低，或当 第三十条 b 款不适用时，则即使不允许部分装运，也允 许支取的金额有 5% 的减幅。若信用证规定有特定的增 减幅度或使用第三十条 a 款提到的用语限定数量，则该 减幅不适用。

13. Case Study 1 Calculation 某公司从澳大利亚进口羊毛 10 公吨，合同的数量订明： “ 10 m/t ” 。结果，澳方所交的羊毛实际回潮率竟高达 33.3% ，使我方吃亏不少。 Why ？ 对于吸湿力强的商品要按公量计算。买卖双方事先应 商定一个标准回潮率，如把标准回潮率定为 10% 。那 么，在装运时，应从货物中抽样 10 千克，用科学方法 去除所有水分，即得干量，设为 7.5 千克，则该批羊 毛 10 千克实际含水量为 2.5 千克，实际回潮率为： 2.5/7.5 = 33.3% ，代入前面公量计算公式得：公量 = 实际重量 （ 1+ 标准回潮率） / （ 1+ 实际回潮率） =10 （ 1+ 10% ） / （ 1+ 33.3% ） = 8.25 （千克） 按总重 10 公吨计，我方总共少收到羊毛 1.75 公吨。

14. Case Study 2 HO Company exported 1000 sets electric fans to Middle East, and it was stipulated in the LC transshipment was not allowed. But the exporter found that 40 sets were badly damaged when shipping the goods and they didn ’ t have enough time to change them, they also thought (according to UCP600)they could have 4% less than the quantity in contract, so they just delivered 960 sets. Question: The bank refused to pay for the goods, Why?

15. Case Study 3 A merchant in Italy signed a contact with a Chinese export company for 500 m/t soybean on CIF terms and it was stipulated in the contract:" Packed in new double gunny bags of 50 kgs each, US$200 CIF Genoa ”, after concluding the contract, the buyer called to say that the weight was less deducting the tare weight and they asked the seller to return the excessive money because of shortage. Question: Do you think the buyer ’ s claim is reasonable, why?

16. Case Study 4 A company purchased four kinds of steel plate: 4000M/T. and the type is 6 inch, 8 inch, 10 inch and 12 inch. The quantity is 100M/T each size, and the contract marked that: “ 5% more or less for each size, at seller ’ s option ” When the seller delivered the goods, the quantity is :6 inch-----70M/T; 8 inch----- 80 M/T; 10 inch--------60 M/T;12 inch--------210 M/T. And the total quantity is 420 M/T. When the exporter submits the full set of document, the importer refuses to receive the goods owing to quantity problems. Question: Do you think the importer ’ s action is reasonable? List your reasons.