2. You can QUOTE me on that A quote is the exact wording of a statement from a source. Quotes make an essay more believable; they are evidence that can support your thesis. Opinions supported by quoted text are evidence of good reading and thoughtful responses. There are several types of quotes.

3. Direct Quotes Quotes printed word for word exactly as the author wrote them are direct quotes. These words appear inside quotation marks. The attribution word appears outside the quotation marks. The attribution is the phrase that tells who said it - where you got the information.

4. Examples of Direct Quotes “I am thrilled to be representing the great State of Texas at the Free Spirit Conference,” Joe Mama, newspaper adviser said. “I owe it all to my talented students.” “I am thrilled to be representing the great State of Texas at the Free Spirit Conference,” Joe Mama, newspaper adviser said. “I owe it all to my talented students.” “I’m just glad I didn’t have to spend any more time with my adviser than I did,” said Casey Deeya, who added that she enjoyed riding the subways more than attending the conference. “I’m just glad I didn’t have to spend any more time with my adviser than I did,” said Casey Deeya, who added that she enjoyed riding the subways more than attending the conference.

5. Indirect Quotes Information from a source which is not made up of the author’s exact words is not placed inside quotation marks. This is an indirect quote, which is a paraphrase or a summary of the meaning of the direct quotation. Indirect quotes are used to: Express a fact stated by the source Express a fact stated by the source Clarify a quote that is too long, confusing, or dull Clarify a quote that is too long, confusing, or dull Condense the ideas of several direct quotes Condense the ideas of several direct quotes

6. Never change the meaning of a quote when you paraphrase! (And you will still need to cite your source.)

7. Partial Quotes Sometimes it might work better to use a portion of a quote to convey the information than to use an entire quote. To do this, put only the quoted words inside quotation marks. Use partial quotes when you need to use a speaker’s exact words, but the entire direct quote might be too long or too confusing for the reader.

8. Example of a Partial Quote In his novel, Styles at LCC, author Harry Skaulp states that spiked hair is a “part of our cultural heritage, not merely a symbol of rebellion,” adding that he thinks nose piercing should be mandatory (267).

9. Integrating Quotations Never just drop a quotation into your paper. Always introduce it and explain it with your own prose. Never just drop a quotation into your paper. Always introduce it and explain it with your own prose. There are three main ways to introduce quotations. (We call these lead-ins.) There are three main ways to introduce quotations. (We call these lead-ins.)

10. Using Quotes: What do you notice? Bella was shocked when Edward said to her, “And so the lion fell in love with the lamb…” (Meyer 274). Edward feels that he will harm Bella, so he tries not to fall in love with her but fails: “And so the lion fell in love with the lamb…” (Meyer 274). When the “lion fell in love with the lamb,” the tone of the entire book changed from mysterious to romantic (Meyer 274).

11. Leading in to your Quotes: There are 3 kinds of lead ins: Said, Sentence, and Blended 1. The said lead in (easiest and most popular). Begin quote with “He said, “______” or some variation of that… He(exclaimed/shouted/cried/replied/whispered/stated/ reported…), “____________” (Meyer 274). Example: Bella was shocked when Edward said to her, “And so the lion fell in love with the lamb…” (Meyer 274).

12. The Sentence Lead In 2. The sentence lead in (easy, but not used very often for some reason). Write a complete sentence, but follow with a colon and the quote that supports your idea after the colon. Example: Edward feels that he will harm Bella, so he tries not to fall in love with her but fails: “And so the lion fell in love with the lamb…” (Meyer 274).

13. The Blended Lead in 3. The blended lead in (the most challenging and usually only requires snippets of quotes, not whole quotes). The quote needs to blend in with your sentence, making it seem like the words are yours. Example: When the “lion fell in love with the lamb,” the tone of the entire book changed from mysterious to romantic (Meyer 274).

14. Review:Introduce the quotation by using an attributive tag like he writes, she claims, and so on. Review:Introduce the quotation by using an attributive tag like he writes, she claims, and so on. To describe his childlike consciousness, Wright explains, “Each event spoke with a cryptic tongue. And the moments of living slowly revealed their coded meanings” (7). To describe his childlike consciousness, Wright explains, “Each event spoke with a cryptic tongue. And the moments of living slowly revealed their coded meanings” (7). After going to Memphis and boarding with Mrs. Moss, Wright wonders, “Was it wise to remain here with a seventeen-year-old girl eager for marriage and a mother equally anxious to have her marry me?”(214). After going to Memphis and boarding with Mrs. Moss, Wright wonders, “Was it wise to remain here with a seventeen-year-old girl eager for marriage and a mother equally anxious to have her marry me?”(214).

15. Introduce the quotation by writing a full sentence and a colon to introduce the quotation, which should itself be a full sentence. Introduce the quotation by writing a full sentence and a colon to introduce the quotation, which should itself be a full sentence. Bob’s description of Madge emphasizes her fake appearance: “She was a peroxide blonde with a large-featured, overly made-up face, and she had a large, bright-painted, fleshy mouth” (Himes 19). Bob’s description of Madge emphasizes her fake appearance: “She was a peroxide blonde with a large-featured, overly made-up face, and she had a large, bright-painted, fleshy mouth” (Himes 19). Richard Wright explains his reasons for writing: “I was striving for a level of expression that matched those of the novels I read” (280). Richard Wright explains his reasons for writing: “I was striving for a level of expression that matched those of the novels I read” (280).

16. Incorporate the quotation into your sentence, punctuating it just as you would if it was not a quotation. Incorporate the quotation into your sentence, punctuating it just as you would if it was not a quotation. As Bob is being beaten, he hopes he “will become unconscious but [he] can’t” ( Himes 69). As Bob is being beaten, he hopes he “will become unconscious but [he] can’t” ( Himes 69). Bob appraises Mrs. Harrison derisively, stating that “she looked so complacent, sitting there in her two-hundred dollar chair [... ] bought with dough her husband had made overcharging poor hard-working colored people for his incompetent services, that I had a crazy impulse to needle her” (Himes 51). Bob appraises Mrs. Harrison derisively, stating that “she looked so complacent, sitting there in her two-hundred dollar chair [... ] bought with dough her husband had made overcharging poor hard-working colored people for his incompetent services, that I had a crazy impulse to needle her” (Himes 51).

17. Using Quotes If a direct quote is very long or boring, use an indirect quote or a partial quote instead. If a direct quote is very long or boring, use an indirect quote or a partial quote instead. To clarify or modify a phrase within a quote, insert brackets. “Slowly, [Bob] reached for the meat cleaver.” To clarify or modify a phrase within a quote, insert brackets. “Slowly, [Bob] reached for the meat cleaver.” Add the word “sic” (meaning thus) in italics within brackets after words that are misspelled or used incorrectly in a direct quote from a printed source. This indicates the quote is exactly like the original source. “Macbeth is a grate [sic] play.” Add the word “sic” (meaning thus) in italics within brackets after words that are misspelled or used incorrectly in a direct quote from a printed source. This indicates the quote is exactly like the original source. “Macbeth is a grate [sic] play.”

18. Block a quotation if it is four lines or longer. Indent the quotation one half of an inch on both sides, and punctuate it like the following example. Block a quotation if it is four lines or longer. Indent the quotation one half of an inch on both sides, and punctuate it like the following example. Wright describes how his mother’s illness affected him: My mother’s suffering grew into a My mother’s suffering grew into a symbol in my mind, gathering to itself all the poverty, the ignorance, the helplessness; the painful, baffling, hunger-ridden days and hours; the restless moving, the futile seeking, the uncertainty, the fear, the dread (Wright 29).

19. Punctuating Quotations The author’s exact words go inside the quotation marks: “I am super, duper cool.” The author’s exact words go inside the quotation marks: “I am super, duper cool.” The end punctuation (period, question mark, exclamation point) goes inside the last quotation mark. “Give me the damn money!” The end punctuation (period, question mark, exclamation point) goes inside the last quotation mark. “Give me the damn money!” When the attribution comes after a direct quote, use a comma to separate the quote from the attribution. “Here it is,” replied Bob. When the attribution comes after a direct quote, use a comma to separate the quote from the attribution. “Here it is,” replied Bob. If a question mark relates to the sentence and not the quote, place it at the end of the sentence outside the quotation marks: What kind of moron says, “I am super, duper cool”? If a question mark relates to the sentence and not the quote, place it at the end of the sentence outside the quotation marks: What kind of moron says, “I am super, duper cool”?

20. Punctuating Quotations Use single quotation marks to indicate a quote inside a quote. “And so I told her, ‘Fix your own tire, Grandma!’” Use single quotation marks to indicate a quote inside a quote. “And so I told her, ‘Fix your own tire, Grandma!’” Leave off the closing quotation marks at the end of a paragraph if the quote continues in the next paragraph. Leave off the closing quotation marks at the end of a paragraph if the quote continues in the next paragraph. There are different rules for capitalization*- We will go into that-generally, if the quote is a complete sentence, begin it with a capital letter. If not, don’t.There are different rules for capitalization*- We will go into that-generally, if the quote is a complete sentence, begin it with a capital letter. If not, don’t. *(First letter of a sentence is always capitalized- that includes quotes that begin a sentence.)

21. Handling Quotes in Your Text Author’s last name and page number(s) of quote must appear in the text. Author’s last name and page number(s) of quote must appear in the text. Romantic poetry is characterized by the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (Wordsworth 263). Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (263). Note: The author’s name must be either in the lead-in or in the parenthetical documentation, but never in both. Note: The author’s name must be either in the lead-in or in the parenthetical documentation, but never in both.

22. Quotation Marks in Cited Dialogue Jones argues that “politics are the devil’s work” (190). “Voters,” he contends, “often don’t pick a candidates based on their policies, but how they look” (Jones 190). “Many politicians use mudslinging as a main way to get the popular vote,” the author claims (Jones 190). Note that these are cited as they would exist in your paper. The citations are in MLA format. Also note where commas are (and are not) placed in each example. Lastly, note where (and what) punctuation is being used.

23. Reminder: Other Uses for Quotation Marks Use quotation marks to indicate the title of a smaller work, such as an article, essay, short story, song, poem, or speech. Use quotation marks to indicate the title of a smaller work, such as an article, essay, short story, song, poem, or speech. In his essay, “Potatoes are Yummy,” Joe Smith argues that… Use italics (or underline) for larger works such as a book, magazine, album, play, film, or long poem. Use italics (or underline) for larger works such as a book, magazine, album, play, film, or long poem. In her novel, Potatoes are Yucky, Ann Smith argues that…

24. Now you try: Find 3 quotes from the book that will support the claim statement of your essay- (If possible, do not pick one that is in quotation marks; do not pick dialogue.) Practice writing one of each type of lead ins: Said, Sentence, and Blended. For your citation at the end of each, you will write the author’s name and the page number in parentheses--and that is it! Good Luck!!!

25. Some Sources for this ppt: Original ppts available online, including the following sites: valenciacollege.edu, teachers.sduhsd.k12.ca.us/sfarris/Files/Quotations.ppt and www.csub.edu/~bhughes/quotationmarks.ppt ‎ Some slides from 9 th Lit Collaborative 2012-2013 Literary Sources: Black Boy by Richard Wright If He Hollers by Chester Himes Twilight by Stephanie Meyer