2. 1914-1918: The World at War 1914-1918: The World at War

3. Differing Viewpoints  “Family Feud”  “Fall of the Eagles”  “The War to End All Wars”  “The War to ‘Make the World Safe for Democracy’”

4. Causes of the War

5. CAUSES  European Rivalries: Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia, and Italy sought to acquire new markets and to establish and expand global empires

6. 1. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

7. Causes  Alliances: the defense agreements among nations. Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy (changed sides early)  Triple Entente: France, Russia, and Great Britain

8. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

9. The Major Players: 1914-17 Nicholas II [Rus] George V [Br] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Allied Powers: Franz Josef [A-H] Wilhelm II [Ger] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Central Powers: Enver Pasha [Turkey]

10. Europe in 1914

11. 2. Militarism & Arms Race 187018801890190019101914 94130154268289398 Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s. 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France10% Britain13% Russia39% Germany73%

12. 3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

13. 4. Aggressive Nationalism

14. Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The “Powder Keg” of Europe

15. The “ Spark ”

16. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

17. The Assassination: Sarajevo

18. The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip Gavrilo Princip

19. Who’s To Blame?

20. The Schlieffen Plan

21. German Atrocities in Belgium

22. Mobilization It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there! But my heart's right there! It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!  Home by Christmas!  No major war in 50 years!  Nationalism! HHHHome by Christmas! NNNNo major war in 50 years! NNNNationalism!

23. Recruitment Posters

24. A Young Australian Recruit

25. Recruits of the Central Powers Austro- Hungarians A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother

26. New French Recruits

27. A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

29. Women and the War Effort

30. Financing the War

31. For Recruitment

32. Munitions Workers

33. French Women Factory Workers

34. German Women Factory Workers

35. Working in the Fields

36. A Woman Ambulance Driver

37. Red Cross Nurses

38. Women in the Army Auxiliary

39. Russian Women Soldiers

40. Spies e “Mata Hari” e Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle e German Spy! e “Mata Hari” e Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle e German Spy!

41. Posters: Wartime Propaganda

42. Australian Poster

43. American Poster

44. Financing the War

45. German Poster Think of Your Children!

46. The Western Front: A “ War of Attrition ”

47. A Multi-Front War

48. The Western Front

49. Trench Warfare

50. “No Man’s Land”

51. Verdun – February, 1916 e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties. e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties.

52. The Somme – July, 1916 e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months. e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

53. War Is HELL !!

54. Sacrifices in War

55. Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun

56. The Eastern Front

57. The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915

58. Turkish Cavalry in Palestine

59. T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt”, 1916-18

60. T. E. Lawrence & Prince Faisal at Versailles, 1918-19

61. The Tsar with General Brusilov

62. The “ Colonial ” Fronts

63. Sikh British Soldiers in India

64. Fighting in Africa British Sikh Mountain Gunners Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen [German E. Africa]

65. Fighting in Africa 3 rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade

66. Fighting in Salonika, Greece French colonial marine infantry from Cochin, China - 1916

67. America Joins the Allies

68. The Sinking of the Lusitania

69. The Zimmerman Telegram

70. The Yanks Are Coming! The Yanks Are Coming!

71. Americans in the Trenches

72. The War of the Industrial Revolution: New Technology

73. French Renault Tank

74. British Tank at Ypres

75. U-Boats

76. Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

77. The Airplane “Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

78. The Flying Aces of World War I Eddie Rickenbacher, US Francesco Barraco, It. Rene Pauk Fonck, Fr. Manfred von Richtoffen, Ger. [The “Red Baron”] Willy Coppens de Holthust, Belg. Eddie “Mick” Mannoch, Br.

79. Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

80. Looking for the “Red Baron?”

81. The Zeppelin

82. Flame Throwers Grenade Launchers

83. Poison Gas Machine Gun

84. “ Art ” of World War I

85. “A Street in Arras” John Singer Sargent, 1918

86. “Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917

87. “Those Who Have Lost Their Names” Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914

88. “Gassed and Wounded” Eric Kennington, 1918

89. “Paths of Glory” C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917

90. German Cartoon: “Fit for active service!”, 1918

91. 1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died

92. 11 a.m., November 11, 1918 The Armistice is Signed!

93. 9,000,000 Dead 9,000,000 Dead

94. The Somme American Cemetary, France 116,516 Americans Died

95. World War I Casualties

96. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!

97. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians Districts & Vilayets of Western Armenia in Turkey 19141922 Erzerum215,0001,500 Van197,000500 Kharbert204,00035,000 Diarbekir124,0003,000 Bitlis220,00056,000 Sivas225,00016,800 Other Armenian-populated Sites in Turkey Western Anatolia371,80027,000 Cilicia and Northern Syria309,00070,000 European Turkey194,000163,000 Trapizond District73,39015,000 Total 2,133,190387,800

98. Results  Central Powers: Germany: Dead-1.8 million. Wounded- 4,216,000  Austria-Hungary: Dead-1.2 million. Wounded- 3,620,000  Ottoman Empire: dead- 325,000 wounded- 400,000

99. Results  Allied Powers: Russia: dead- 1.7milllion wounded-4,950,000  France: dead-1.39 Million wounded- 4,266,000  Britain: dead- 908,000 wounded- 2,090,000  Italy: dead- 650,000 wounded- 947,000  U.S. Dead-116,000 wounded- 234,000

100. Results  “the war to end all wars”  “to make the world safe for democracy”  the war destroyed homes and lives  newly formed nations: Poland, Austria, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Czechoslovakia, Turkey (former Ottoman Empire)

101. Causes of WWI (Copy)  National Rivalries: Industrialization and Imperialism created competitive relationships in the race for balance of power  Militarism: New Technologies encouraged nations to develop and stockpile more and more weapons  Alliances to keep the balance of power – nations teamed up for/or against one another

102. Causes (copy)  Assassination: of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria – kick started the alliances – began WWI (the spark of the war)

103. Type of Warfare (copy)  Trench: Soldiers fought, lived and died in ditches, called trenches, on two fronts Eastern Front – Russia, Western Front- France  New Technologies: New weapons (machine gun, grenades, flame thrower, tank, poison gas) were very effective against old style strategies

104. Art (copy)  Propaganda: organized information meant to sway public opinion on a certain issue  All Quiet of the Western Front: a novel about life for soldiers during WWI. Put down the glory of war

105. Results (copy)  Treaty of Versailles 1) ended WWI 2) led to WWII  Severely punished Germany:  Land was taken away in Europe and Africa  Had to pay compensation for the damage caused by WWI  Military was reduced to defense purposes only  Had to accept the blame for WWI

106. League of Nations(copy)  Organization of nations created to keep peace in the world- turned out to be very ineffective

107. New Map of Europe (copy)  Larger nations (that lost in WWI) were broken up into smaller nations