1. Steps to Safety: Reducing the Danger of Nuclear Weapons

2. 2 Hiroshima before and after the Little Boy bomb hit

3. Nuclear Terrorism – Manhattan 52,000 people die immediately 238,000 people exposed to direct radiation 1.5 million affected by radioactive fallout

4. Nuclear Terrorism 2,170 metric tons of nuclear bomb making material in poorly guarded facilities Bomb making knowledge widely available Extremists have sought a nuclear bomb materials 44

5. Nuclear War in South Asia A nuclear war between India and Pakistan could lead to: –20 million deaths in major cities in India and Pakistan –Radioactive contamination throughout the region –Global climate disruption from smoke and soot 5

6. Nuclear Winter in the World Nuclear explosions ignite fires that burn whole cities Soot lofted high into the atmosphere absorbs incoming sunlight Global “cooling” leads to shorter growing seasons—less rainfall Famine and disease spread globally Global Death Toll from Starvation: > 1 billion 6

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8. British & French nuclear submarines collide in Atlantic Image: HMS Vanguard, which is believed to have been involved in an underwater collision with a French submarine 8 February 3, 2009 nuclear weapons poised on high alert: Britain & France have ~584 US & Russia have >20,000 even state-of-the- art technology can fail

9. Nuclear Weapons on High Alert: An Accident Waiting to Happen? High alert Nuclear Weapons can go off in just 2 to 3 minutes Accidental nuclear launch is possible De-alert nuclear weapons to provide more decision time 9

10. Nuclear Reductions with Russia Massive stockpiles make us less safe US and Russia have 90% of nuclear weapons worldwide 10

11. Reduce Nuclear Arsenals April 1, 2009, US and Russian Presidents agree to new nuclear weapon reductions treaty. What’s needed? A new treaty that gets each nation verifiably down to 1,000 nuclear weapons A decrease in US-Russian arsenals would devalue nuclear weapons globally 11

12. A global ban on nuclear testing Prevents development of nuclear weapons Safe and realistic step to reduce nuclear risk 12 Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) three types of nuclear testing

13. Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 148 nations have signed and ratified this important treaty For the Treaty to be implemented, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, North Korea, Pakistan and the United States must ratify The United States has signed this Treaty, but ratification will take a 2/3 rd vote in the U.S. Senate U.S. ratification will lead other states to ratify

14. 14 Monitoring Sites Worldwide

15. The CTBT is more important than ever to strengthen international support for the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. Today Republicans and Democrats agree : President Obama said he aimed to "immediately and aggressively pursue U.S. ratification of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty." Former Secretary of State for President Ronald Reagan, George P. Shultz, “it detected the North Korean nuclear test" and although his fellow Republicans "might have been right voting against it some years ago…they would be right voting for it now.” 15 Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

16. Bipartisan Support for CTBT and a Nuclear Weapons Free World Kissinger, Shultz, Perry, Nunn Renew Vision of Nuclear Free World

17. A Vision of a World Free of Nuclear Weapons “A world free of nuclear weapons is a world in which the possibility of their use no longer exists.” 17 “Concerning President Obama's commitment to the removal of nuclear weapons from the Earth, I certainly support that ambitious goal.” McCain, April 2009 Press Conference

18. Cost of Nuclear Weapons In 2008, US spent $52.4 billion on nuclear weapons-related programs (14X the amount spent on developing new sources of energy) 18 Source: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

19. Steps to Safety Take Nuclear Weapons off of High Alert Reduce U.S./Russian Nuclear Arsenals to 1000, as first step to deeper reductions on way to global elimination Ratify the CTBT Secure all “loose” nuclear material in 4 years Negotiate a ban on production of nuclear weapon (fissile) material 19

20. Nuclear Weapons Convention (NWC) NWC is a proposed treaty to ban nuclear weapons by: –prohibiting nuclear weapons development production testing stockpiling transfer use threat of use –banning production of fissile material –requiring destruction of nuclear weapons in stages –placing fissile material under UN control 20

21. Advocate for a Safer World Call your Senators and ask them where they stand on CTBT Capital Switchboard: 202-224-3121 21 Join PSR’s Legislative Alert List