2. Characteristics Romans were famous for creating public spaces Amphitheatres, race tracks, forums, monuments, temples, and baths During the late Republic and throughout the Empire, Romans also created elaborate private spaces called villas Rome and other urban areas were famous for their infrastructure City blocks, central fountains, sewers, aqueducts, apartment buildings, and roads

4. Model of Roman Forum

5. Model of Trajan ’ s Forum Forum

6. CharacteristicsCharacteristics CONCRETE: created a revolution in architectural design. create larger, heavier buildings. * example: - The Sanctuary of Fortuna Palestrina.

7. Sanctuary of Fortuna Palestrina

8. CharacteristicsCharacteristics ARCH & VAULT: Triumphal Arches Coliseum Public Baths Amphitheaters

9. Triumphal Arch of Titus

10. Barrel or “ Tunnel ” Vault Windows can be placed at any point. These vaults require buttressing to counter-act the downward thrust of weight.

11. Roman Theater

12. Early Roman Amphitheater  Seats about 20,000

13. Roman Coliseum

15. Interior of the Coliseum  Arena is Latin for the sand, coating the floor that soaks up the blood of the combatants.

16. Roman Bath in England

17. CharacteristicsCharacteristics DOME: Basilicas Large and relatively open space. Examples: Pantheon early Christian churches

18. Cylindrical Dome With the dome, the Romans could surpass earlier cultures by their ability to span space. Light enters through the oculus on top.

19. The Pantheon Plans

20. The Pantheon

21. Pantheon ’ s Dome

22. The Pantheon Interior

24. Innovative Engineering Techniques Roads Roads Aqueducts Aqueducts Arch Bridge Arch Bridge Stone Walls Stone Walls

25. Via Appia All roads lead to Rome! All roads lead to Rome!

26. Roman Aqueduct

27. Roman Arch Bridge in Spain

28. Hadrian ’ s Wall in Britain

30. Characteristics of Roman Sculpture Collectors and copiers of Greek works [more idealistic]. Collectors and copiers of Greek works [more idealistic]. Categories: Categories: Portrait sculpture Statues Paintings & mosaics Relief sculptures More realism [show the wrinkles, the bulges, and ageing!] More realism [show the wrinkles, the bulges, and ageing!]

31. Roman Copy of Greek Art Original created by the Greek sculptor, Polyclitus, 5c BCE

32. Republican Couple Realistic portraits – like Hellenistic Greek style. Realistic portraits – like Hellenistic Greek style.

33. Portraits of Emperors Julius Caesar Julius Caesar Nero Nero Hadrian Hadrian Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius

34. Roman Citizens

35. ColumnOfTrajanColumnOfTrajan

36. Base Relief Legionnaires on Trajan ’ s Column

37. Roman Sarcophagus  Marble base relief – Etruscan influence?

39. Interior Decorating Fresco Type of painting done on a wet plaster wall Colors stay true and vibrant Often covers entire wall Mosaic Floor decoration done with tile Usually contains a picture or ornate design Mosaics and frescoes were most commonly found in private spaces but could also be found in baths and libraries

40. Roman Villa

41. Mosaics on a Roman Villa Floor

42. House in Herculaneum

43. Frescoes on aVilla ’ s Walls Frescoes on aVilla ’ s Walls

45. Roman Crafts 1c BCE glass bowl Ivory Cameo Gold earrings

46. Jefferson Memorial

47. Lincoln Memorial

48. Statue of Justice US Supreme Court Building

49. Statue of Liberty