1. If you lived during the Paleolithic Age what would be your role in the tribe? Are you a nomadic group of people? And if so why do you move from place to place?

2. Egypt

3. Geography NILE - The river that ran for over 4,000 miles. Northern part is called LOWER EGYPT and southern part is called UPPER EGYPT. It also flooded every year to help enrich the soil.

4. Geography Unlike the mesopotamia, Egypt had natural barriers to help against invasions. Deserts to the east and west Red Sea to the east Mediterranean to the north Nile to the south

5. Religion They were polytheistic. They had 2 main groups the land gods and the sun gods.

6. Sun gods Atum or Re The Egyptian ruler was called Sun of Re. The sun god in earthly form.

7. Land gods Osiris and Isis – husband and wife – Isis brought back Osiris after his brother cut him up in 14 pieces

8. Egyptian History Historians divided up the history in 3 major periods of peace, stability, and cultural flourishing. ( Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom)

9. Old Kingdom Started in 3100 B.C. when the Menes created the first royal DYNASTY ( family of rulers) Old Kingdom lasted from 2700 to 2200 B.C. PHARAOHS ( great house or palace) had absolute power. They were aided first by their families and then by a large BUREACRACY ( an administrative organization of officials and regular procedures)

10. Old Kingdom The VIZIER ( steward of the whole land) was the 2 nd most important person in Egypt. Egypt was divided into 42 provinces with their own governor

11. Old Kingdom Pyramids were built during the Old Kingdom Served as tombs

12. Mummification MUMMIFICATION is the process in which the body is dried so it would keep from rotting. They would remove the organs and put them in jars. Put salt on body to dry it out, and then put spices inside to keep it smelling good. Process took 70 days

13. Giza The largest pyramid is located in GIZA and is built around 2540 B.C. So well built you can’t even fit a hair in between the stones. The Great Sphinx is also located in GIZA.

14. Middle Kingdom Between 2050 B.C. and 1652 B.C. Referred as the Golden Age. Pharaohs now cared about the people. Built public works and drained swamplands to build a canal between the Nile and Red Sea

15. Middle Kingdom Invasion from the HYKSOS from Western Asia ended the Middle Kingdom. The Egyptians learned to use bronze and horse drawn war chariots from the Hyksos.

16. New Kingdom Was the wealthiest time for the Pharaohs. It was also the first female Pharaoh ( HATSHEPSUT) AKENATON tried to make the Egyptians a monotheistic and only worship the sun god. Egyptians did not like it.

17. New Kingdom TUTANKHAMUN ( boy-pharaoh) restored the old gods. But because of the religious turmoil Egypt lost most of its Empire

18. New Kingdom RAMSES II ruled from 1279 to 1213 B.C. and regained some of the empire back. New invasion from the “Sea People” then ended the Egyptian empire once and for all. New Kingdom collapsed in 1085 B.C.

19. Cleopatra VII Next thousand years Egypt is dominated by Libyans, Nubians, Persians, and Macedonians. CLEOPATRA VII tried to unsuccessfully regain Egypt’s Independence. Allied with Rome and it only led to her suicide and Roman Rule.

20. Society Also had upper, middle, and lower class Married young, husband was the master but women kept their property. Writing emerged around 3000 B.C. and it was HIEROGLYPHICS ( “ priest carvings”) which were pictures. Simplified the writing to a version called HIERATIC SCRIPT.

21. Society Great strides in geometry and human anatomy