1. CHAPTER 2 SECTION 1 RISE OF EGYPT

3. Geography and Religion The Nile River played an important role in Egyptian civilization. Egyptians called it the “creator of all good.” The Nile River is the longest river in the world. It runs north to south for over 4,000 miles. The Nile river floods yearly and it is called the “miracle” of the Nile.

4. Geography and Religion Religion, like physical geography, played a central role in devilment of Egyptian civilization. Religion gave the Egyptians a sense of security and timelessness. The Egyptians were polytheistic. They had a number of gods associated with heavenly bodies. The number 1 god for the Egyptians was “Re” the sun god.

5. Geography and Religion Egyptian Kingdoms are divided into three major periods. Old Kingdom Middle Kingdom New Kingdom

6. Geography and Religion The Old Kingdom lasted from 2700 B.C. to 2200 B.C., was an age of prosperity and splendor. Leaders were called pharaohs. Egyptian pharaohs possessed absolute power, they had complete, unlimited power to rule their people. During the Old Kingdom, however a government bureaucracy – an administrative organization with officials and regular procedures – developed. In time Egypt was divided into 42 provinces.

7. Geography and Religion The pyramids were built during the Old Kingdom. The pyramids were dedicated to the dead. To preserve the body after death the Egyptians practiced mummification to prevent it from rotting. The process took place in this process. They first took out the liver, lungs, stomach, and intestines and placed them in four special jars that were put in the mummies tombs. Then the corpse was covered with salt. Later the body was filled with spices and then wrapped. The process took 70 days.

8. Geography and Religion

9. The Middle Kingdom The Old Kingdom collapsed The Middle Kingdom lasted from 2055 B.C. to 1650 B.C. Egyptians called this period the golden age of stability. During this period Egypt began to expand to Syria, Mesopotamia, and Crete In this time the pharaohs became leaders concerned for the people and public works.

10. Social Classes

11. Egyptians Egyptians made advancements in mathematics Egyptians were able to calculate area and volume. The Egyptians developed an accurate 365 day calendar. The Egyptians used hieroglyphics (on tombs) The Egyptians used geometry to build the pyramids.