2. 1 ACTORS INTEGRATION AND WATER GOVERNANCE IN NAIROBI’S CITY: CHALLENGES AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE BY ROMANUS OPIYO Lecturer Department of Urban and Regional Planning UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI Email: ropiyo@uonbi.ac.ke ropiyo@uonbi.ac.ke Copyright © 2010 CCAA Project

3. 2 Presentation Layout Introduction Introduction Conceptual Orientation Conceptual Orientation Emerging Frame Emerging Frame Conclusion Conclusion

4. 3 Introduction Low level of knowledge and awareness about climate change and water availability in Nairobi Low level of knowledge and awareness about climate change and water availability in Nairobi Remote connection of what is happening to the environment as a result of anthropogenic activities Remote connection of what is happening to the environment as a result of anthropogenic activities Reduction in availability of and access to water. Reduction in availability of and access to water. Reduced hydropower generation (major energy source in Kenya). Reduced hydropower generation (major energy source in Kenya). Availability of water dependant on preipitation (causing rationing during drought). Availability of water dependant on preipitation (causing rationing during drought). Vulnerability of the urban poor Vulnerability of the urban poor Lack of concern and commitment by the state agencies in building resilience Lack of concern and commitment by the state agencies in building resilience Government commitment to reclamation of watershed and rivers Government commitment to reclamation of watershed and rivers New constitution recognizes access to clean and safe water in adequate quantities as an economic and social rights-political goodwill New constitution recognizes access to clean and safe water in adequate quantities as an economic and social rights-political goodwill

5. 4 USE AND MISUSE OF NAIROBI RIVER

6. 5 Institutional Capacity weakness& Bureaucracy Not enough financial resources and technology to adapt, to respond and act accordingly Not enough financial resources and technology to adapt, to respond and act accordingly Institutions bureaucracy Institutions bureaucracy Low level of knowledge and awareness about the impacts of climate change in the city, its water and everyday life Low level of knowledge and awareness about the impacts of climate change in the city, its water and everyday life Lack of policies, instruments and strong institutions for regional and city management and governability: Lack of policies, instruments and strong institutions for regional and city management and governability: No Regional Plan neither City wide Development Plan nor Risk Management Plan No Regional Plan neither City wide Development Plan nor Risk Management Plan

7. 6 Conceptual Orientation Involvement of State actors in enhancing adaptability in relation to service provision Involvement of State actors in enhancing adaptability in relation to service provision Building information data base Building information data base Structures of information sharing and dissemination- issues of territorial dimension-going beyond state apparatus (embracing partnerships) Structures of information sharing and dissemination- issues of territorial dimension-going beyond state apparatus (embracing partnerships) Awareness and informed participation Awareness and informed participation Development of Water Governance Index (WGI)- Availability, Management, Effectiveness, Accountability, participation, equity etc Development of Water Governance Index (WGI)- Availability, Management, Effectiveness, Accountability, participation, equity etc

8. 7 MULTIPLE LEVEL OF ANALYSIS: IDENTIFYING KEY ACTOR´S AWARENES AND URBAN POOR RESILIENCE CAPACITIES AFFIRMATIVE/INCLUSIVE NATIONAL LEVEL Policies, norms and strategies LOCAL LEVEL Participatory action research REGIONAL LEVEL City + Territory interactions Social construction of Knowledge and consensus building

9. 8 Adapted from: Liliana Miranda Sara, Foro Ciudades para 8 CITY WATER GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK City Consultation Board Civil Society NGOs and private organizations Universities and Experts Civil Society Civil Society Organizations + Regional + NATIONAL Governments Platform NBI METRO + CCN

10. 9 University-Stakeholders Interaction Methodology Identification and Mapping of Actors including their roles (Studio/Field Based Interaction) Identification and Mapping of Actors including their roles (Studio/Field Based Interaction) Identification of areas needing capacity building and the best of interaction and communication- Enhancing inclusive/affirmative participation (disadvantaged)- Interaction of Action and Theory Identification of areas needing capacity building and the best of interaction and communication- Enhancing inclusive/affirmative participation (disadvantaged)- Interaction of Action and Theory Establishment of Benchmarks& platforms for interaction between Universities& CSOs (UoN and CSOs in slum upgrading project with Pamoja Trust), Cleaning and reclamation of Nairobi River, Planting of trees in Karura and Mau forests (Students and staff participation) Establishment of Benchmarks& platforms for interaction between Universities& CSOs (UoN and CSOs in slum upgrading project with Pamoja Trust), Cleaning and reclamation of Nairobi River, Planting of trees in Karura and Mau forests (Students and staff participation) Combined studio- between UoN and Columbia University Combined studio- between UoN and Columbia University Preparation of thematic plans for various stakeholders including ministries Preparation of thematic plans for various stakeholders including ministries Development of appropriate models of Water Governance that is also sensitive to climate change adaptation (Focusing on the urban poor awareness and resilience) Development of appropriate models of Water Governance that is also sensitive to climate change adaptation (Focusing on the urban poor awareness and resilience)

11. 10 Conclusion Local Water governance in relation to climate change discourse issue is still a complex debate despite the global concern it has been given Local Water governance in relation to climate change discourse issue is still a complex debate despite the global concern it has been given The governance and adaptation to climate will require an integrated approach to build various stakeholders confidence and capacity The governance and adaptation to climate will require an integrated approach to build various stakeholders confidence and capacity Need to reduce the gap between researchers and implementers esp. Non State Actors and Government – Focus and energy should be in awareness, partnership of various actors and behavioural change-Project Ownership10 Need to reduce the gap between researchers and implementers esp. Non State Actors and Government – Focus and energy should be in awareness, partnership of various actors and behavioural change-Project Ownership10