1. Parts of the plant and their functions

2. Importance of plants
Without plants life on earth would not exist

3. Plants: Primary source of food for people and animals Produce oxygen
help to keep us cool
renew the air

4. Plants: slow wind speed provide a home for wildlife
beautify surroundings
perfume the air
furnish building materials and fuel

5. Parts of a plant
Four basic parts
leaves
stems
roots
flowers

6. Leaves the food factory of the plant
produce the food used by the plant or stored for later use

7. Shape and size of leaves
vary among plants
used for identification of plants

8. Leaf arrangement alternate opposite whorled
arranged in a circle around the stem

9. External leaf structure
petiole - leaf stalk
leaf blade (leaf)
has veins
forms structural framework of the leaf

10. Midrib
large center vein from which all other leaf veins extend

11. Margins
edges of leaves
assists in plant identification

12. Internal leaf structure
epidermis
skin of the leaf
single layer of cells
protects leaf from loss of too much moisture

13. Guard Cells
open and close the small pore on the underside of the leaf

14. Stomates
allow the plant to breathe and transpire
give off moisture

15. Chloroplasts
contain chlorophyll
located inside the food making cells

16. Photosynthesis
process by which CO2 and H2O in the presence of light are converted to sugar and oxygen

17. Chemical formula 6CO2 + 6H2O
-----> in reaction with sunlight and chlorophyll >
C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2

18. food
manufactured in the leaves moves downward through the stem to the roots
used by the plant
stored in stem or root and leaf in the form of sugar, starch or protein.

19. Respiration plants respire 24 hours a day consume O2 and give off CO2
plants produce more O2 through ps. Than they consume during respiration and growth.

20. Stems have two main functions
movement of water and minerals from the roots upward and movement of manufactured food down

21. Stem functions
support of leaves and reproductive structures

22. Stems also
used for food storage and reproduction of plants involving cuttings
Green stems manufacture food just as leaves do

23. External Stem Structure
lenticels- breathing pores
bud scale scars-indicate where terminal bud has been located previous year.

24. Leaf Scars shows where leaf was attached
Distance between the two represents one year of growth.

25. Internal Stem Structure
phloem- bark, carries manufactured foods down.
Xylem- wood, carries water and minerals up.
Cambium- separates the 2 and produces all new cells.
Characteristic of dicots

26. Internal Stem Structure
dicot- dicotyledon, a plant with 2 seed leaves

27. Monocot Monocotyledon - a plant with one seed leaf.
Have vascular bundles, contain both xylem and phloem in each small bundle

28. Monocot stems have no cambium
cells enlarge to create size of mature stem

29. Economic Importance
food
building materials

30. Roots Usually underground functions: anchor plant and hold upright
absorb water and minerals form soil and conduct to stem
store food, & propagation

31. Root Structure internal similar to stems
older roots have xylem, phloem and cambian

32. external root cap produces continuous supply of new cells
protects roots as they push through soil

33. Structure
root hairs
absorb moisture and minerals
small roots

34. Functions other than water and mineral absorption
cash crops for food
carrots
beets
radishes
sweet potatoes
propagation

35. Type of root systems fibrous-grasses easier transplanting
shorter, smaller, more compact
lap root-carrot
longer and fewer roots

36. Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds
pollination- color of flower attracts insects to fertilize flower
beginning of fruit and seed formation
fruits and seed are attractive to birds who eat and spread seeds.
Reproduces plant
some seeds carried on animals coats

37. Parts of the Flower differ in size, shape, and color, some basic parts
sepal
green leaf-like part, covers and protects bud before opening

38. Petals are actually leaves
usually bright colors to attract pollinating insects.

39. Parts of the Flower stamens male part of flower has two parts
filament-stalk

40. Anther
anther- sac-like structure on top of filament, contains pollen

41. Parts of the Flower Pistil - female part in the center of flower
has three parts

42. Pistil three parts stigma - top - sticky
style - tube leading from stigma to ovary

43. Ovary
egg cells develop here
grows to become fruit or seedcoat

44. Types of Flowers
complete
contains 4 main parts

45. Incomplete
does not have all 4 main parts

46. Perfect
has stamens and pistils

47. Imperfect
lacks stamens or pistils

48. Types of Flowers monoecious
stamens and pistils are found in separate flowers on the same plant
ex: Corn

49. dioecious
male or staminate flowers found on one plant, female or pistilate flowers on another plant
ex: holly