1. Adulthood: Psychosocial Development How will marriage, divorce, children and coping with your parents affect you?

3. Continuity and Change What changes? What stays the same?

4. What is happening in the major theories? Erikson’s Stages ▫Intimacy vs. Isolation ▫Generativity vs. stagnation Maslow’s stages ▫5. Self-=actualization ▫4. Success and esteem ▫3. Love and belonging ▫2. Safety ▫1. Physiology

5. What is the midlife crisis? 40’s - What have I accomplished? Anxiety, self-reexamination, transformation Related more to developmental history than age

6. Intimacy

7. How do we meet our need for intimacy? Met by: family, friends, coworkers, & romantic partners (the social convoy)

8. Do you remember? Which of Erikson’s stages is this person in? What are Maslow’s stages? What can create a midlife crisis?

9. What happens to family bonds? Parent-Adult child relationships Improves with age (Generations become closer) May deteriorate if they live together Familism ▫Belief that family members should support each other

10. Family bonds: Will you find a committed partner?

11. Does marriage produce happiness? Married people (In satisfying marriages) ▫Happier, Healthier, Richer Learning to understand and forgive each other promotes happiness Cohabitation before marriage ▫Decreases happiness Domestic violence is most likely to occur early in a relationship

12. Do children produce happiness? Children and happiness (“U” shaped curve) ▫Happiness is highest before children ▫Decreases with birth of first child  & additional children ▫Decreases again when children reach puberty  Teenage years ▫Happiness improves after child raising years when children become more independent (Empty nest)

13. Empty nest: What happens when the children leave home? Improves relationships ▫Parents are alone again ▫More money available Longtime partners ▫Stay together because of love & trust

14. Do you remember? What happens to parent – child relationships as the children mature? ▫What can cause this relationship to deteriorate? What promotes happiness in good marriages? When is domestic violence most likely to occur? How does a couple’s happiness change after the children leave home? Why?

15. What is the effect of separation and divorce? Almost 1 out of 2 marriages ends in divorce in the U.S. ▫About 1/3 of all first marriages end in divorce ▫Remarried people have a greater chance of divorce than first marriages Very distressed marriages = happier after divorce

16. What are the consequences of divorce? Can last for decades Divorce reduces income, severs friendships, and weakens family ties Income, family welfare, and self-esteem = lower among formerly married than still married or never married

17. Generativity: How can you deal with this stage? Erikson’s “Generativity vs. Stagnation ▫Satisfied by  Creativity  Caregiving  Employment

18. How do you care for children? Your biological children ▫Parent must change to adopt to developmental stages of child. Non-biological Children ▫Children without emotional attachment become mistrustful and fearful of becoming too dependent Stepfamilies ▫Patient, authoritative parenting is needed Adoption ▫Biological parents usually absent ▫Desperately want a child

19. How do you care for your aging parents? Sandwich generation ▫Sandwiched between their children and their parents Often only one child bears the burden of caregiving ▫Creates resentment

20. Employment What work do you want?

21. Employment = generativity Unemployed = higher rates of child abuse, alcoholism, depression & other problems. Happiness is not necessarily related to income For work to meet generativity needs, it must: ▫Use personal skills ▫Be creative ▫Advise coworkers as a friend or mentor

22. Why do people work? Extrinsic rewards (Outside - External) ▫Salary ▫Health insurance ▫Pension Intrinsic rewards (Inside – internal) ▫Intangible rewards ▫Job satisfaction ▫Self-esteem ▫Pride in contributing ▫Feeling needed Apple Computer

23. Can you combine intimacy and generativity? Job satisfaction depends on ▫The job ▫Home situation ▫Ability to balance home and work

24. Do you remember? Do second marriages have a greater chance of success than first marriages? Do formerly married persons have higher income and self-esteem than currently married or never married? What is the sandwich generation? What is the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic rewards? ▫Give an example of each