1. Chapter 1 Overview of Electronic Commerce

2. Chapter 1Prentice Hall1 Learning Objectives Define electronic commerce (EC) and describe its various categories Describe and discuss the content and framework of EC Describe the major types of EC transactions Describe some EC business models Describe the role of the digital revolution in EC and the economic impact of EC Discuss the contribution of EC in helping organizations respond to environmental pressures Discuss the benefits of EC to organizations, consumers, and society Describe the limitations of EC

3. Chapter 1Prentice Hall2 Electronic Commerce: Definitions and Concepts electronic commerce (EC) The process of buying, selling, transferring, or exchanging products, services, or information via computer networks.

4. Chapter 1Prentice Hall3 Electronic Commerce: Definitions and Concepts e-business E-business is a broader definition of EC that includes not just the buying and selling of goods and services, but also Servicing customers Collaborating with business partners Conducting electronic transactions within an organization

5. Chapter 1Prentice Hall4 Electronic Commerce: Definitions and Concepts 1.1

6. Chapter 1Prentice Hall5 Electronic Commerce: Definitions and Concepts Traditional commerce: all dimensions are physical Brick-and-mortar organizations  Old-economy organizations (corporations)  Perform all business off-line  Sell physical products by means of physical agents

7. Chapter 1Prentice Hall6 Electronic Commerce: Definitions and Concepts PURE VERSUS PARTIAL EC Pure EC: all dimensions are digital virtual (pure-play) organizations Organizations that conduct their business activities solely online. (eBay, AOL – media services ) Partial EC: a mix of digital and physical dimensions Click-and-mortar (click-and-brick) organizations Conduct EC activities Do their primary business in the physical world Examples: GE, IBM, Intel

8. Chapter 1Prentice Hall7 Electronic Commerce: Definitions and Concepts INTERNET VERSUS NON-INTERNET EC Non-Internet EC is the use of EC technologies on private (as opposed to public) networks. intranet An internal corporate or government network that uses Internet tools, such as Web browsers, and Internet protocols. extranet A network that uses the Internet to link multiple intranets.

9. Chapter 1Prentice Hall8 Electronic Commerce: Definitions and Concepts Interorganizational information systems (IOSs) Communications systems that allow routine transaction processing and information flow between two or more organizations. intraorganizational information systems Communication systems that enable e-commerce activities to go on within individual organizations.

10. Chapter 1Prentice Hall9 Electronic Commerce: Definitions and Concepts Internet EC is the use of EC technologies on public (as opposed to private) networks. electronic market (e-marketplace) An online marketplace where buyers and sellers meet to exchange goods, services, money, or information.

11. Chapter 1Prentice Hall10 The EC Framework, Classification, and Content An EC Framework EC applications supported by infrastructure and 5 support areas People Public policy Technical standards and protocols Business partners Support services

12. Chapter 1Prentice Hall11 The EC Framework, Classification, and Content

13. Chapter 1Prentice Hall12 The EC Framework, Classification, and Content CLASSIFICATION OF EC BY THE NATURE OF THE TRANSACTIONS OR INTERACTIONS Business-to-business (B2B): EC model in which all of the participants are businesses or other organizations Business-to-consumer (B2C): EC model in which businesses sell to individual shoppers Business-to-business-to-consumer (B2B2C): EC model in which a business provides some product or service to a client business; the client business maintains its own customers, to whom the product or service is provided e-tailing Online retailing, usually B2C. E-tailors began to fail in 1999

14. Chapter 1Prentice Hall13 The EC Framework, Classification, and Content consumer-to-business (C2B) E-commerce model in which individuals use the Internet to sell products or services to organizations or individuals who seek sellers to bid on products or services they need. consumer-to-consumer (C2C) E-commerce model in which consumers sell directly to other consumers. mobile commerce (m-commerce) E-commerce transactions and activities conducted in a wireless environment.

15. Chapter 1Prentice Hall14 The EC Framework, Classification, and Content location-based commerce (l-commerce) M-commerce transactions targeted to individuals in specific locations, at specific times. intrabusiness EC E-commerce category that includes all internal organizational activities that involve the exchange of goods, services, or information among various units and individuals in an organization.

16. Chapter 1Prentice Hall15 The EC Framework, Classification, and Content business-to-employees (B2E) E-commerce model in which an organization delivers services, information, or products to its individual employees. collaborative commerce (c-commerce) E-commerce model in which individuals or groups communicate or collaborate online. peer-to-peer Technology that enables networked peer computers to share data and processing with each other directly; can be used in C2C, B2B, and B2C e-commerce.

17. Chapter 1Prentice Hall16 The EC Framework, Classification, and Content e-learning The online delivery of information for purposes of training or education. e-government E-commerce model in which a government entity buys or provides goods, services, or information from or to businesses or individual citizens.

18. Chapter 1Prentice Hall17 The EC Framework, Classification, and Content exchange A public electronic market with many buyers and sellers. exchange-to-exchange (E2E) E-commerce model in which electronic exchanges formally connect to one another for the purpose of exchanging information.

19. Chapter 1Prentice Hall18 Interdisciplinary Nature of EC Marketing Computer sciences Consumer behavior and psychology Finance Economics Management information systems Accounting and auditing Management Business law and ethics Others

20. Chapter 1Prentice Hall19 Brief History of EC EC applications first developed in the early 1970s --- Electronic funds transfer (EFT) Limited to: Large corporations Financial institutions A few other daring businesses Electronic data interchange (EDI)—electronic transfer of documents: Purchase orders Invoices E-payments between firms doing business Enlarged pool of participants to include: Manufacturers Retailers Service providers Internet became more commercialized in the early 1990s Stock trading Travel reservation systems

21. Chapter 1Prentice Hall20 The EC Framework, Classification, and Content social computing An approach aimed at making the human– computer interface more natural. Web 2.0 The second-generation of Internet-based services that let people generate content, collaborate, and share information online in perceived new ways—such as social networking sites, wikis, and communication tools.

22. Chapter 1Prentice Hall21 The Digital Revolution Drives E-Commerce social network A category of Internet applications (structure) that help connect friends, business partners, or individuals (nodes) with specific interests by providing free services such as photos presentation, e-mail, blogging, and so on using a variety of tools.

23. Chapter 1Prentice Hall22 social network service (SNS) A service that builds online communities by providing an online space for people to build free homepages and that provides basic communication and support tools for conducting different activities (called social networking) in the social network. social networking The creation or sponsoring (execution) of a social network service and any activity, such as blogging, done in a social network (external or internal). 1-22 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall The Digital Revolution Drives E-Commerce

24. Chapter 1Prentice Hall23 The Digital Revolution Drives E-Commerce business-oriented networks Social networks whose primary objective is to facilitate business. Example of a Business-Oriented Social Network: Xing.com – make contacts, advices, market yourself, organize meeting, job seeking, ….etc. ENTERPRISE SOCIAL NETWORKS Example of an Enterprise Social Network: - Carnivalconnections.com – cruise fans

25. Chapter 1Prentice Hall24 The Digital Revolution Drives E-Commerce The digital revolution accelerates EC mainly by providing competitive advantage to organizations. The digital revolution enables many innovations (Digital products, financial transactions, Information as commodity) virtual world A user-defined world in which people can interact, play, and do business. The most publicized virtual world is Second Life. digital economy An economy that is based on digital technologies, including digital communication networks, computers, software, and other related information technologies; also called the Internet economy, the new economy, or the Web economy.

26. Chapter 1Prentice Hall25 The Digital Revolution Drives E-Commerce Digital enterprise A new business model that uses IT in a fundamental way to accomplish one or more of three basic objectives: reach and engage customers more effectively, boost employee productivity, and improve operating efficiency. It uses converged communication and computing technology in a way that improves business processes THE DIGITAL SOCIETY The final, and perhaps most important, element of the digital world is people and the way they live and interact. corporate portal A major gateway through which employees, business partners, and the public can enter a corporate Web site.

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28. Chapter 1Prentice Hall27 The Business Environment Drives E-Commerce THE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT The Business Environment Impact Model Business Pressures and Opportunities Market, societal and technological. Organizational Response Strategies Agility, CRM, KMS, E-markets, …etc.

29. Chapter 1Prentice Hall28 The Business Environment Drives E-Commerce

30. Chapter 1Prentice Hall29 EC BUSINESS MODELS Business model A method of doing business by which a company can generate revenue to sustain itself. (Elements include: customers, products, business process, competitors, ….. and revenue model) Revenue sources Transaction fees (Stock trade fee) Subscription fees (AOL monthly fee) Advertisement fees (Ads on google as banners) Affiliate fees (Refering customers to other sites) Sales (Wal-Mart, Amazon) Value proposition is the description of the benefits a company can derive from using EC Search and transaction cost efficiency Lock-in – switching costs Novelty Complementarities – bundling products with services

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32. Chapter 1Prentice Hall31 EC BUSINESS MODELS TYPICAL EC BUSINESS MODELS Online direct marketing (Used in B2C and B2B, Suitable for digitizable products) Electronic tendering systems for procurement tendering (bidding) system (reverse auction) Model in which a buyer requests would-be sellers to submit bids; the lowest cost or highest value bidder wins. Electronic marketplaces and exchanges Chemconnect.com – virtical marketplace for the chemical industry Viral marketing Inducing people to send influencing msgs to others Web-based word-of-mouth ads Social networking and Web 2.0 tools

33. Chapter 1Prentice Hall32 The Benefits of EC

34. Chapter 1Prentice Hall33 Benefits of EC (cont.)

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