2.  ALL nouns in Spanish are either MASCULINE OR FEMININE.  Nouns that refer to males are masculine, those that refer to females are feminine.  Most nouns that end in –o are masculine.  Most nouns that end in –a are feminine.  Nouns that end in –d or –ión are feminine.

3.  If a noun or adjective ends in a VOWEL, add an –s to make it plural.  If a noun or adjective ends in a CONSONANT, add an –es to make it plural.  If a noun or adjective ends in a –z, change the –z to –c and add –es.

4.  Nouns show number – if you are talking about one person/place/thing/idea, the noun is singular.  If you are talking about more than one person/place/thing/idea, the noun is plural (it will end in an –s).

5.  The definite article, the, is expressed four ways in Spanish to agree with the noun in NUMBER and GENDER SingularPlural  Masculineellos  Femininelalas  Once there is a male in the group, the masculine plural is used!

6.  Adjectives describe nouns.  They must match the GENDER and NUMBER of the nouns they describe.  In Spanish, adjectives usually follow the noun.

7.  Masculine adjectives often end in –o. ◦ El chico guapo  Feminine adjectives often end in –a. ◦ La chica guapa  Most adjectives that end with –e or a consonant refer to both genders. ◦ El chico paciente ◦ La chica paciente

8.  Adjectives must agree in number with the nouns that they describe.  Make adjectives plural the same way that you make nouns plural: if the adjective ends in a vowel, add –s, and if it ends in a consonant, add –es.

9. Ramona es _______. Gloria es _______. Los amigos son ________. Jorge es ______. bajo bonita rubia altos bonita rubia altos bajo