1. Leafy Vegetables, WP3, 14 th February Leafy Vegetables WP 3: Evaluation Leader: Valérie Cadot, France GEVES : Variety and seed, study and control group Groupe d’Etude et de contrôle des Variétés Et des Semences

2. Leafy Vegetables, WP3, 14 th February Outline presentation A. Goal B. Milestones C. Preparation of evaluation tests

3. Leafy Vegetables, WP3, 14 th February A.Goal  Evaluation for pests and diseases resistance  Evaluation for quality and abiotic characters  Inclusion in the databases to enable a more sustainable production methods and a better quality product

4. Leafy Vegetables, WP3, 14 th February B.Milestones  2007, December: –Material selected for the evaluation activities of the 4 crops –Seeds sent to the partners  2008, June: 1st year of evaluation  2009, December: 2nd year of evaluation –Lettuce : 70 –Spinach: 210 –Chicory: 170 –Minor crops: 30  2010, December: 3rd year of evaluation Data entered in a fixed format to be sent to the database managers –Lettuce : 107/ 115 (contract) –Spinach: 320 –Chicory: 390 / 265 (contract) –Minor crops:49

5. Leafy Vegetables, WP3, 14 th February C.Preparation of evaluations 1.What is done by who? 2.How to select the material for evaluation (core collection)? 3.What about seeds?  who sends to who?  which quantity? 4.What about methods?  if absent, which process?  harmonization when several methods? 5.Which type of data will be included in the data base?

6. Leafy Vegetables, WP3, 14 th February 1.What is done by who? a) for pests and diseases resistance  Lettuce: 52 evaluations –Bremia lactucae P4 (CZ), P10 (GBR) –Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne sp.) P13 (SLO)  Spinach: 250 evaluations –Downy mildew (Peronospora farinosa) P0 (NLD)  Chicory: 165 evaluations –Thielaviopsis basicolaP2 (FRA) –Alternaria cichoriiP2 (FRA) –Sclerotinia sclerotiorumP2 (FRA)

7. Leafy Vegetables, WP3, 14 th February 1.What is done by who? b) for quality and abiotic characters  Lettuce: 55 evaluations –Post harvest discolorationP1(GBR) –Winter hardinessP7 (AUT) –Quality, taste (organoleptic)P7(AUT), P9 (SLO)  Spinach: 70 evaluations –Nitrate, oxalic acid, dry matterP5 (DAN, SW)  Chicory: 225 evaluations –Shape, color, taste, history, regionalismP8 (CHE) –SesquiterpenesP12 (ITA) –Internal sensory characteristicsP12 (ITA)  Valerianella: 9 evaluations –Winter hardiness, tasteP9 (SLO)  Rucola: 40 evaluations –Nitrate, dry matter P5 (DAN, SW) –Glucosinolate contentP12 (ITA)

8. Leafy Vegetables, WP3, 14 th February 2. How to select the material for evaluation (core collection)? a)Which criteria to select accessions? b)Which methods to select accessions? c)Who are the actors for selecting material?

9. Leafy Vegetables, WP3, 14 th February a) Which criteria to select accessions? – with a limited set of accessions (core collection: often 5 to 20% of the whole collection) – based on maximizing the genetic diversity with a limited set of accessions (core collection: often 5 to 20% of the whole collection) – based on the purpose of evaluations ex : Bremia lactucae: old cultivars without Dm genes (durable resistance). –to use the same accessions (or subgroups) for the different evaluations while taking into account the purpose of each one.

10. Leafy Vegetables, WP3, 14 th February b) Which methods to select accessions?   Analytical procedures in order to maximize the genetic diversity: Multivariate analysis (Principal Component Scoring), cluster analysis   Pragmatic considerations: - the group size: ex: L strategy (logarithmic) - availability of seeds - quality of documentation: passport data computerized curator’s knowledge about the phenotype - use of needs - reputation: standard,… A mixture of different strategies based on diversity, use and numbers

11. Leafy Vegetables, WP3, 14 th February 5 steps for the selection of a core collection 5 steps for the selection of a core collection (see « Core collections of plant genetic resources », IPGRI) 1. Identify the material that will be presented 2. Decide on the size of the core collection 3. Divide the set of material used into distinct groups 4. Decide on the number of entries per group 5. Choose the entries from each group that will be included in the core.

12. Leafy Vegetables, WP3, 14 th February c) Who are the actors for selecting material? Partners: holding collections Partners: in charge of evaluations The task leader Lettuce (HRI: Pink) Spinach (CGN: van Treuren) Chicory (GEVES: Cadot) Minor crops (IPK: Borner) Selecting material for evaluation (core collection)

13. Leafy Vegetables, WP3, 14 th February c1) For lettuce (ILDB) Countries holding collections? Numb. Czech Republic P4 1524 France P2- P6 1139 Germany P3 1158 Netherlands P0 2500 Nordic Countries P5 32 Slovenia P13 186 United Kingdom P1 1600 Collections of 3 NGO's 307 Total hold by project members 8446 HRI: Pink PartnerNumb.Evaluatio n P4 (Palacky Univ.) 30Bremia lactucae P10 (HDRA) 17 P13 (AIS)10-20Meloidogy ne sp. P1 (HRI)24Post harvest discolorati on P7 (Arche Noah) 15:? various types Winter hardiness P7 (Arche Noah) 6:? winter- butterhe ad Taste (organolep tic) Quality P9 (USOFA) and P13 (AIS) 10

14. Leafy Vegetables, WP3, 14 th February c2) For spinach Countries holding collections? Numb. Czech Republic P417 France P2117 Germany P3207 Netherlands P0386 Nordic Countries P560 Slovenia P9- United Kingdom P1130 Collections of 3 NGO's43 Total hold by project members 960 PartnerEvaluationNumb. P0 (CGN) Downy mildew, 3-5 races (breeders) 250 P5 (NGB) Nitrate70 P5 (NGB) Oxalic acid70 P5 (NGB) Dry matter70 CGN: van Treuren

15. Leafy Vegetables, WP3, 14 th February c3) For chicory Countries holding collections? Numb. Czech Republic P4 (Univ. Palacky) 24 France P2 (GEVES)150 Germany P3 (IPK)630 Slovenia P13 (AIS)7 United Kingdom P1 (HRI) 63 Austria NGO P7 (Arche Noah) 38 Total hold by project members 908 PartnerEvaluationNu mb. P2- GEVESThielaviopsis basicola Alternaria cichorii Sclerotinia sclerotiorum 75 60 30 P8 (Pro Specie Rara) Shape, color, taste, history, regionallity 100 P12 (UNIBO)Sesquiterpene lactones external 100 P12 (UNIBO)Internal sensory characteristics 25 GEVES: Cadot

16. Leafy Vegetables, WP3, 14 th February c4) For minor crops Countries holding collections? Numb. Czech Republic P4 3 France P2 32 Germany P3 163 Netherlands P0 10 Nordic Countries P5 - Slovenia P9 9 United Kingdom P1 27 Collections of 3 NGO's 25 Total hold by project members 269 IPK: Borner Partner EvaluationNumb. P9 (USOFA) Winter hardiness and taste (organoleptic) 9 P5 (NGB)Nitrate, dry matter 20 P12 (UNIBO) Glucosinolate content 20-40

17. Leafy Vegetables, WP3, 14 th February 3.Lettuce: What about seeds? 1000 seeds = 1.25 g or 1g = 800 seeds

18. Leafy Vegetables, WP3, 14 th February 3.Spinach: What about seeds? 1000 seeds =9g or 1g=110 seeds

19. Leafy Vegetables, WP3, 14 th February 3.Chicory: What about seeds? 1000 seeds = 1.6 g or 1g =600 seeds

20. Leafy Vegetables, WP3, 14 th February 3.Minor crops: What about seeds? Valerianella: 1000 seeds = 0.7 to 4 g

21. Leafy Vegetables, WP3, 14 th February 4.What about methods? – If method absent, do we use the method of another partner? Ex : Lettuce: Taste (organoleptic) and quality P7: No method use P9 method? – Harmonization when several methods? Ex: Chicory : Internal sensory characteristics (P12) & Taste (P8)

22. Leafy Vegetables, WP3, 14 th February 5.Which type of data will be included in the data base? 1. A note and its level of expression associated (harmonization to define) 2. A measured note 3. A file, linked to the accession number 4. A text, to include in a field « Remarks » 5. Or a combination of these possibilities?

23. Leafy Vegetables, WP3, 14 th February Which type of data will be sent in prefixed format file? SpeciesItemsPartnersEvaluationWhich data format will be sent? ChicoryPest and diseases P2- SNES P2- GEVES P2-FNPE Thielaviopsis basicola Alternaria cichorii Sclerotinia sclerotiorum 1: note with its level of expression associated 4 (eventually): remarks Other properties P8 (Pro Specie Rara) Shape, color, taste, history, regionallity P12 (UNIBO)Sesquiterpene lactones external P12 (UNIBO)Internal sensory characteristics

24. Leafy Vegetables, WP3, 14 th February Let’s go for a fruitful discussion!