1. Pages 349-353

2.  When blood is given intraveneously  Usually donated blood  Transfusions are given for:  Blood loss due to injury  Surgery  To supplement your own blood

3.  Transfusions must be given to compatible recipients  Those individuals with the same antigens  Blood cells have their own antigens  Genetically determined proteins  Allows us to determine “self”

4.  Antibodies bind to the (foreign) antigens on the donor RBC  Antibodies are proteins specialized to recognize foreign substances and provide immunity against them

5.  Incompatible transfusions cause agglutination – clumping of the foreign RBCs  RBCs burst open (hemolysis)  releases hemoglobin into bloodstream  Hemoglobin can block kidney tubules  Can cause kidney failure and death

6.  The ABO Blood groups:  Type A (Both A antigens)  Type B (Both B antigens)  Type AB (Both A and B antigens)  Type O (neither antigen is present; recessive)  Rh (rhesus) factor ( + or - ):  Positive or negative for presence on the surface of the RBC  Pregnant women risk destruction of baby’s RBCs

8.  Differences in Rh factor between baby and mother  Most of the time, the first baby is fine  Antibodies are built up after first baby

9.  Second pregnancy, RBCs of baby can be destroyed  This causes Hemolytic disease of the newborn  Jaundice  Anemia  Enlarged liver/spleen  RBC mfr is here until fetus is around 7 months  Incompatible mothers are given an immune serum called RhoGAM to prevent immune response