1. GHS Honors Research The Title Page The Detection of Ethylene Glycol Based Poisons in Bourbon-based Beverages with Fluorescence Spectroscopy

2. GHS Honors Research The Purpose The purpose of the research is to detect the presence, and the concentration of Ethylene Glycol Based Poisons in Bourbon-based Beverages using Fluorescence Spectroscopy

3. GHS Honors Research Your Hypothesis Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH’s) within Bourbon, as well as common commercial sources of Ethylene Glycol (Antifreeze) exhibit Fluorescent emissions. These PAH’s & Antifreeze emissions occur at different wavelengths Fluorescence spectroscopy can be used to detect the presence and concentration of Ethylene Glycol (Antifreeze) in Bourbon beveragesPoly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH’s) within Bourbon, as well as common commercial sources of Ethylene Glycol (Antifreeze) exhibit Fluorescent emissions. These PAH’s & Antifreeze emissions occur at different wavelengths Fluorescence spectroscopy can be used to detect the presence and concentration of Ethylene Glycol (Antifreeze) in Bourbon beverages

4. GHS Honors Research Your Procedural Plan Most bourbons are Aged Inside of Charred, burned Oak Barrels Most bourbons are Aged Inside of Charred, burned Oak Barrels Burned Oak contains PolyAromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH’s). These PAH’s are transferred to the bourbon during Aging. Burned Oak contains PolyAromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH’s). These PAH’s are transferred to the bourbon during Aging. The Color and Flavor of Bourbon are derived from this Burned Oak Aging. The Color and Flavor of Bourbon are derived from this Burned Oak Aging. Trace amounts of these PAH’s are dissolved in the bourbon; these PAH’s fluoresce in the Visible Region at 480 nm. Trace amounts of these PAH’s are dissolved in the bourbon; these PAH’s fluoresce in the Visible Region at 480 nm.

5. GHS Honors Research Your Procedural Plan Antifreeze contains approximately 95% of Ethylene Glycol, which is the compound that is responsible for the cooling properties. Antifreeze contains approximately 95% of Ethylene Glycol, which is the compound that is responsible for the cooling properties. Antifreeze also contains Fluorescein, which is the Aromatic Compound that provides the well-known Bright Green Color at 520 nm. Fluorescein is added so that a technician can easily diagnose a leak within the engine’s cooling system. Antifreeze also contains Fluorescein, which is the Aromatic Compound that provides the well-known Bright Green Color at 520 nm. Fluorescein is added so that a technician can easily diagnose a leak within the engine’s cooling system.

6. GHS Honors Research Your Procedural Plan If ingested by Humans, Ethylene Glycol, while not immediately toxic, is metabolized within the body to Glycoaldehyde, and later metabolized to Glycolic Acid, Glyoxylic acid, and Oxalic Acid. If ingested by Humans, Ethylene Glycol, while not immediately toxic, is metabolized within the body to Glycoaldehyde, and later metabolized to Glycolic Acid, Glyoxylic acid, and Oxalic Acid. These three toxic metabolites cause Central Nervous System (CNS) Depression (i.e. drowsiness, and respiratory failure), followed by Cardiopulmonary Disorder, and later Renal Damage. These three toxic metabolites cause Central Nervous System (CNS) Depression (i.e. drowsiness, and respiratory failure), followed by Cardiopulmonary Disorder, and later Renal Damage. The Lethal Dose of Ethylene Glycol, for an adult human, is 10 milliliters. The Lethal Dose of Ethylene Glycol, for an adult human, is 10 milliliters.

7. GHS Honors Research Your Procedural Plan Fluorescence spectroscopy can be used to identify PAH’s in Bourbon, which fluorescence at 470 nm.Fluorescence spectroscopy can be used to identify PAH’s in Bourbon, which fluorescence at 470 nm. Ethylene glycol is most typically found in Antifreeze. Fluorescence Spectroscopy can be used to detect the typical green fluorescence, most commonly known as Antifreeze Green, with a fluorescent emission at 520 nm.Ethylene glycol is most typically found in Antifreeze. Fluorescence Spectroscopy can be used to detect the typical green fluorescence, most commonly known as Antifreeze Green, with a fluorescent emission at 520 nm.

8. GHS Honors Research The LS-50B Fluorescence Spectrometer

9. GHS Honors Research Data Analysis Emission Spectrum of Bourbon

10. GHS Honors Research Emission Spectrum of AntiFreeze

11. GHS Honors Research Emission Spectrum of Bourbon Drink with Ethylene Glycol-based Poison

12. GHS Honors Research Quantitative Results of Ethylene Glycol in Bourbon Using a Beer’s Law Regression

13. GHS Honors Research Results Fluorescence spectroscopy can be used to detect the presence of Antifreeze-based Ethylene Glycol (EG) Poisons in BourbonFluorescence spectroscopy can be used to detect the presence of Antifreeze-based Ethylene Glycol (EG) Poisons in Bourbon A Beer’s Law plot of the Fluorescence Emission versus ml of Ethylene Glycol-based Poison can be used to detect the concentration of the ethylene glycol in a bourbon beverageA Beer’s Law plot of the Fluorescence Emission versus ml of Ethylene Glycol-based Poison can be used to detect the concentration of the ethylene glycol in a bourbon beverage Our analysis resulted in a EG concentration of 29 ml, which exceeds the lethal dose of 10 ml.Our analysis resulted in a EG concentration of 29 ml, which exceeds the lethal dose of 10 ml.

14. GHS Honors Research References Litten, S., Babish, J., Pastel, M., & Werner, M. Relationship between fluorescence of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in complex environmental mixtures and sample mutagenicity. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, May, 2005. Vol. 28, Issue 2, p. 141, 8p, (ISSN 0007-4861), Database: SpringerLink. Cording, M. & Swinson, J. Assertive discipline in a school for pupils with emotional and behavioral difficulties. British Journal of Special Education, June 2002. Vol. 29, Issue 2, p.72, 3p, (AN 6721010), Database: Academic Research Premier. The Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in a Surface Soil Sample from Bamberton Cement Plant by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography. Retrieved October 20, 2006 from http://www.geocities.com/waterose_test/labs08b.html http://www.geocities.com/waterose_test/labs08b.html