1. Claim Data Warrant Essay A model for analyzing arguments adapted from the work of Stephen Toulmin.

3. Claim 4 Definition: A claim states the position that will be defended in the essay. 4 What is your claim? War is ennobling. or War is contemptible.

4. Data 4 Definition:: Data is the evidence the writer cites that supports his or her claim. 4 What 3 pieces of evidence from Michael Shaara’s The Killer Angels support your claim that war is either ennobling or contemptible?

5. Warrant 4 Definition: The warrant interprets your data, showing how the data supports your claim or explaining why the data proves your claim. –In trials, for example, opposing lawyers often agree on the data but dispute the warrants. They would argue that the set of data presented proves their point rather than the opposing side’s point. 4 Go back to your data. Make sure you can connect each piece of evidence/data to your position on war. Those explanations are your warrants.

6. The Blind Always Come as Such a Surprise by Ted Kooser The blind always come as such a surprise, suddenly filling an elevator with a great white porcupine of canes, or coming down upon us in a noisy crowd like the eye of a hurricane. The dashboards of cars stopped at crosswalks and the shoes of commuters on trains are covered with sentences struck down in mid-flight by the canes of the blind. Each of them changes our lives, tapping across the bright circles of our ambitions like cracks traversing the favorite china.

7. Literary Analysis: This poem uses excellent imagery to depict how blind folks affect our lives, to evoke sympathy for the blind, and to criticize mainstream America for its callousness towards the disabled. In the first three lines Kooser describes how the blind can suddenly fill an elevator “with a great white porcupine of canes.” A porcupine is noted for its prickliness; we are apprehensive when it is around and we do not want to touch it. The blind person, according to Kooser, evokes a similar reaction: their presence in a situation causes “prickliness,” and it makes us uncomfortable. Claim Data Commentary

8. Literary Analysis: In Animal Farm, Clover represents a caring and motherly figure to the other animals. For example, she talks to Mollie, the horse, when others will not. In addition, Clover warns Boxer to slow down and nurses him when he collapses. Furthermore, she sees the changes in the Seven Commandments and in the pigs at the end. She works hard to help the other animals regardless of what the negative consequences may be. In Animal Farm, Clover represents a caring and motherly figure to the other animals. She talks to Mollie, the horse, when others will not. She cares about keeping the animals together. She isn’t mean to Mollie but wants her to understand how her decision to leave may affect the farm. In addition, Clover warns Boxer to slow down and nurses him when he collapses. In her concern for him, she models the kind of behavior that the animals wanted from Mr. Jones but did not get. She sees the injustice of the system and understands the punishment of hard work. Furthermore, she notices the changes in the Seven Commands and in the pigs’ behavior at the end. The knowledge that something is wrong leads her to speak out. Her commitment to Animal Farm is most important in her mind, and she wants to put her beliefs into action. Clover works hard to help the other animals, regardless of what might happen to her.

9. Literary Analysis: In Animal Farm, Clover represents a caring and motherly figure to the other animals. For example, she talks to Mollie, the horse, when others will not. In addition, Clover warns Boxer to slow down and nurses him when he collapses. Furthermore, she sees the changes in the Seven Commandments and in the pigs at the end. She works hard to help the other animals regardless of what the negative consequences may be. In Animal Farm, Clover represents a caring and motherly figure to the other animals. She talks to Mollie, the horse, when others will not. She cares about keeping the animals together. She isn’t mean to Mollie but wants her to understand how her decision to leave may affect the farm. In addition, Clover warns Boxer to slow down and nurses him when he collapses. In her concern for him, she models the kind of behavior that the animals wanted from Mr. Jones but did not get. She sees the injustice of the system and understands the punishment of hard work. Furthermore, she notices the changes in the Seven Commands and in the pigs’ behavior at the end. The knowledge that something is wrong leads her to speak out. Her commitment to Animal Farm is most important in her mind, and she wants to put her beliefs into action. Clover works hard to help the other animals, regardless of what might happen to her.