1. Biology for Future Presidents Important Concepts That Can Be Easily Understood Unless noted, the course materials are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 Taiwan (CC BY-NC-SA 2.5)Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 Taiwan by Professor Larry N. Vanderhoef Chancellor Emeritus & Distinguished Professor University of California, Davis, U.S.A Man’s Place in the Tree of Life Evolution, Artificial Selection Week3 Design courtesy of fppt.com

2. Man’s Place in the Tree of Life Animals Human Evolution

3. Tree of Life – Animals Prokaryotes apbio-werle Kaitlyn Walsh 3

4. Tree of Life – Animals “Primitive” Plants & Animals Protists chlamydomonas Volvox wikileon-period2 4

5. Tree of Life - Animals Blue Whale “You really do have to see it to …” synch-ro-ni-zing Source: NMFS Northeast Fisheries Science Center+http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/mammals/cetaceans/bluewhale.htmhttp://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/mammals/cetaceans/bluewhale.htm 5 FRANK OCEAN Blue Whale (Track) - INPAQ - Official Site Connect Prepare Ready – INPAQ

6. Tree of Life - Animals Artificial Protocell Man-made cell-like structure Flickr Ethan Hein 6

7. Tree of Life – Animals Platyhelminthes ● About 1 mm long ● Eye spots detect light Eye spots evolving into eyes is not at all inconceivable, given enough time and there has been enough time. Flickr starbooze Wikimedia Commons:User:Delta G 7 Växternas och djurens systematik

8. Tree of Life – Animals 3.8 bya 3.2 bya 2.7 bya 1.2 bya 900 mya Origin of mitochondria Archaean line Eukaryote line Bacterial line Photosynthesis Origin of chloroplasts Origin of nucleus Source: Biology Today and Tomorrow – Figure 13.8 – Page 247, Nature Geoscience, David Wacey, Martin Brazier, et. al. 8

9. Tree of Life – Animals Cyanobacteria Microbe life educational resource Flickr Stefe Source: Brooks/Cole, Cengagae Learning 9

10. Tree of Life – Animals Brain size and brain frontal lobe Wikia Lifeartist 10

11. Tree of Life - Animals Buffalo slaughter 11

12. Tree of Life - Animals Global warming I Wikipedia: Author Unknown Global Awareness PD - Angelo-Kate-Jen 12

13. Tree of Life – Animals Heart worm in dogs Wikimedia Commons Joelmills 13

14. Tree of Life – Animals Elephantiasis Wikimedia Commons Dr. Steven A. Williams 14

15. Tree of Life – Animals Horseshoe crab Flickr U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Northeast Region 15 (Roughly) Daily, by Lawrence Wilkinson

16. Tree of Life – Animals Flies Wikipedia Alvesgaspar Flickr rizalis (malaysian macro team) 16

17. Tree of Life – Animals Amphibians 17

18. Tree of Life – Animals Dolphins, Whales, Porpoises Flickr soberch LOS DELFINES ESTAN REINVENTANDO SU LENGUAJE Y USAN UNO INTERMEDIO CON OTRAS ESPECIES – UNIVERSITAM Britain cracking down on illegal whale immigration - Scrape TV - The World on your side 18

19. Tree of Life – Animals Alligators & Crocodiles Flickr tonkatoy Flickr CGAphoto Source: the Encyclopædia Britannica 2006 19

20. Tree of Life – Animals Birds Wikimedia Commons Alan Vernon Wikipedia L. Shyamal Wikimedia Commons shirley binn 20

21. Tree of Life – Animals Archaeopterix An early “reptile-bird” designeranimals2011 Wikimedia Commons NobuTamura Wikimedia Commons w:en:User:Stephan Schulz 21

22. Tree of Life – Animals Lucy BTT - Page 314 Wikipedia Pbuergler LLDS - ORIGEN Y EVOLUCION DEL SER HUMANO The Timeline of Human Evolution « Science-Based Life 22

23. Tree of Life – Animals (Early humans) Homo erectus Neanderthal man Homo floresiensis About 150,000 years ago La Factoria Historica Factoria Historica The Sizzle in Science Source: Biology Today and Tomorrow – Figure 15-30 - page 315. 23 Se expone por primera vez un esqueleto del “Hobbit” (Homo floresiensis) — Tecnoculto

24. Tree of Life – Humans Source: This work originally comes from USATODAY.com+http://www.usatoday.com/life/books/news/2010-09-13-auel13_ST_N.htmhttp://www.usatoday.com/life/books/news/2010-09-13-auel13_ST_N.htm 24

25. Tree of Life – Early Humans Ardipithecus ramidus Il Fatto Storico 25

26. WorkLicenseAuthor/Source Wikipedia Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:EscherichiaColi_NIAID.jpg 2011/12/20 visited Wikipedia Mariana Ruiz Villarreal http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Average_prokaryote_cell-_en.svg 2011/12/20 visited apbio-werle - Kaitlyn Walsh http://apbio-werle.wikispaces.com/Diversity+of+Life+(Ch+27-28,+32- 34) 2011/12/20 visited Wikipedia Claudio Miklos http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Euglena.jpg 2011/12/20 visited This work is from Biological Clocks in Protista A Blog Around The Clock, Scientific American Blog Network+http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/a-blog-around-the-clock/2012/03/13/biological-clocks-in-protista/ and used subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with:http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/a-blog-around-the-clock/2012/03/13/biological-clocks-in-protista/ Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10- 305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Acthttp://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10- 305-OCW-Oct29.pdf Copyright Declaration 26

27. WorkLicenseAuthor/Source wikileon-period2 http://wikileon-period2.wikispaces.com/Protozoans 2011/12/20 visited This work is from Archaea, Bacteria, Viruses, and Protists+http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios104/mike/bacteria01.htm and used subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with:http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios104/mike/bacteria01.htm Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10- 305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Acthttp://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10- 305-OCW-Oct29.pdf FRANK OCEAN Blue Whale (Track) - INPAQ - Official Site Connect Prepare Ready – INPAQ http://x-inpaq-x.com/inpaq/2012/9/25/frank-ocean-blue-whale-track.html 2012/10/29 visited synch-ro-ni-zing http://ruthie822.blogspot.com/2011_03_01_archive.html 2012/3/13 visited This work is from NMFS Northeast Fisheries Science Center+http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/mammals/cetaceans/bluewhale.htm GET uses this work subject to fair use doctrine for educational purpose only in based on its Disclaimer: http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/disclaimer.htm and Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/mammals/cetaceans/bluewhale.htmhttp://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/disclaimer.htm Copyright Declaration 27

28. WorkLicenseAuthor/Source Flickr Ethan Hein http://www.flickr.com/photos/ethanhein/2906046008/ 2011/12/20 visited This work is from aquasturias.com Ver Tema - socorro¡¡¡..pulgas en el musgo del gambario+http://aquasturias.com/foro/viewtopic.php?f=18&t=3177&start=15 and used subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with:http://aquasturias.com/foro/viewtopic.php?f=18&t=3177&start=15 Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10- 305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Acthttp://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10- 305-OCW-Oct29.pdf Växternas och djurens systematik http://www.ehinger.nu/undervisning/index.php/kurser/biologi-1/lektioner/evolution- och-systematik/224-vaexternas-och-djurens-systematik.htmlhttp://www.ehinger.nu/undervisning/index.php/kurser/biologi-1/lektioner/evolution- och-systematik/224-vaexternas-och-djurens-systematik.html. 2012/10/29 visited Flickr starbooze http://www.flickr.com/photos/thestarshine/1605185078/ 2011/12/20 visited Wikimedia Commons:User:Delta G, derivative work: RexxS & Aibdescalzo http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Human_eye_cross_section_detached_retina -es.svg 2011/12/20 visited Copyright Declaration 28

29. WorkLicenseAuthor/Source This work is from Biology Today and Tomorrow – Figure 13.8 – Page 247, Nature Geoscience, David Wacey, Martin Brazier, et. al. This work is subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with: Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10-305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Acthttp://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10-305-OCW-Oct29.pdf Microbe life educational resource http://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/extreme/extremophiles.html 2011/12/20 visited Flickr Stefe http://www.flickr.com/photos/stefe/1330274590/in/pool- 53185824@N00/ 2011/12/20 visited This work is from Brooks/Cole, Cengagae Learning, and this work is subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with: Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10-305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Acthttp://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10-305-OCW-Oct29.pdf Wikipedia Primalchaos http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Brain-anatomy.jpg 2011/12/20 visited Copyright Declaration 29

30. WorkLicenseAuthor/Source Wikia Lifeartist http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Brain_size 2011/12/20 visited Wikipedia: Author Unknown http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bison_skull_pile,_ca1870.png 2011/12/20 visited Wikimedia Commons Karl Bodmer http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tableau_31_Indians_hunting_t he_bison_by_Karl_Bodmer.jpg 2011/12/20 visited Wikipedia: Author Unknown http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Global_Warming_Predictions.png 2011/12/20 visited Global Awareness PD - Angelo-Kate-Jen https://gasear.wikispaces.com/Angelo-Kate-Jen 2012/5/18 visited Copyright Declaration 30

31. WorkLicenseAuthor/Source Wikimedia Commons Joelmills http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Heartworm.JPG?uselang=zh-tw 2011/12/20 visited Wikimedia Commons the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Filariasis_01.png 2011/12/20 visited Wikimedia Commons Dr. Steven A. Williams http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Elephantiasis.png 2011/12/20 visited Wikimedia Commons Mary Hollinger http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boy_with_horseshoe_crab_shel l.jpg 2011/12/20 visited (Roughly) Daily, by Lawrence Wilkinson http://roughlydaily.com/2012/06/18/from-the-department-of-stuff-i- didnt-know/ http://roughlydaily.com/2012/06/18/from-the-department-of-stuff-i- didnt-know/ 2012/130 visited Copyright Declaration 31

32. WorkLicenseAuthor/Source Flickr U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Northeast Region http://www.flickr.com/photos/usfwsnortheast/4678537011/ 2011/12/20 visited Wikipedia Alvesgaspar http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diptera1.jpg 2011/12/20 visited Flickr rizalis (malaysian macro team) http://www.flickr.com/photos/pipoujid/3421970585/ 2011/12/21 visited This work is from Ejemplos de anfibios Diccionario Visual and this work is subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with: Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10-305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Acthttp://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10-305-OCW-Oct29.pdf Britain cracking down on illegal whale immigration - Scrape TV - The World on your side http://scrapetv.com/News/News%20Pages/Everyone%20Else/pages-11/Britain-cracking-down-on- illegal-whale-immigration-Scrape-TV-The-World-on-your-side-2011-12-06.html 2012/6/14 visited Copyright Declaration 32

33. WorkLicenseAuthor/Source Flickr soberch http://www.flickr.com/photos/soberch/2830020859/ 2011/12/21 visited LOS DELFINES ESTAN REINVENTANDO SU LENGUAJE Y USAN UNO INTERMEDIO CON OTRAS ESPECIES – UNIVERSITAM http://universitam.com/academicos/?p=7137 2012/5/25 visited Flickr tonkatoy http://www.flickr.com/photos/44481514@N00/156668984/ 2011/12/21 visited Flickr CGAphoto http://www.flickr.com/photos/cgin03/2485372962/ 2011/12/21 visited This work is from the Encyclopædia Britannica 2006 and used subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with: Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10- 305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Acthttp://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10- 305-OCW-Oct29.pdf Copyright Declaration 33

34. WorkLicenseAuthor/Source Wikimedia Commons Alan Vernon http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Violet_green_Swallow_(Tachyc ineta_thalassina).jpg 2011/12/21 visited Wikimedia Commons shirley binn http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sialia_mexicana_- adult_feeding_chicks_in_a_nestbox-8.jpg?uselang=zh-tw 2012/3/16 visited Wikipedia L. Shyamal http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BirdBeaksA.svg 2011/12/21 visited Wikimedia Commons Dave Menke http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Haliaeetus_leucocephalus2.jpg 2011/12/21 visited This work is from free-extras.com+http://free-extras.com/search/2/birds.htm, and used subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with:http://free-extras.com/search/2/birds.htm Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10-305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Acthttp://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10-305-OCW-Oct29.pdf Copyright Declaration 34

35. WorkLicenseAuthor/Source Wikimedia Commons NobuTamura http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Archaeopteryx2_NT.jpg 2011/12/21 visited Wikimedia Commons w:en:User:Stephan Schulz http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Archaeopterix_lithographica_T hermopolis.jpg 2011/12/21 visited Designeranimals2011, by Garrick Lai http://designeranimals2011.wikispaces.com/Toco+Toucan+(Past+Anima l-+Archaeopteryx)+-+Garrick 2012/3/16 visited The Timeline of Human Evolution « Science-Based Life http://sciencebasedlife.wordpress.com/2011/05/10/the-timeline-of-human-evolution/ 2012/5/25 visited LLDS - ORIGEN Y EVOLUCION DEL SER HUMANO http://llds.wikispaces.com/ORIGEN+Y+EVOLUCION+DEL+SER+HUMANO 2012/5/25 visited Copyright Declaration 35

36. WorkLicenseAuthor/Source Wikimedia Commons Pbuergler http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Australopithecus_afarensis_rec onstruction.JPG 2011/12/21 visited Wikipedia: Author Unknown http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A.afarensis.jpg 2011/12/21 visited La Factoria Historica Factoria Historica http://factoriahistorica.wordpress.com/2011/01/31/%C2%BFquien-era- el-homo-erectus/ 2012/3/16 visited The Sizzle in Science http://delamagente.wordpress.com/2011/01/26/understanding-early-man/ 2012/3/16 visited This work is from Biology Today and Tomorrow – Figure 15-30 - page 315. This work is subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with: Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10-305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Acthttp://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10-305-OCW-Oct29.pdf Copyright Declaration 36

37. WorkLicenseAuthor/Source Se expone por primera vez un esqueleto del “Hobbit” (Homo floresiensis) — Tecnoculto http://tecnoculto.com/2009/04/27/se-expone-por-primera-vez-un-esqueleto-del- hobbit-homo-floresiensis/ 2012/10/31 visited This work originally comes from USATODAY.com+http://www.usatoday.com/life/books/news/2010-09-13- auel13_ST_N.htm and it is used/modified and subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with:http://www.usatoday.com/life/books/news/2010-09-13- auel13_ST_N.htm Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 term of use The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10-305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Acthttp://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10-305-OCW-Oct29.pdf Il Fatto Storico http://ilfattostorico.com/2009/10/01/il-piu-antico-antenato-umano-ardi/ 2012/3/16 visited Page1. – 37. This work is from Outsource PowerPoint Template Free Powerpoint Templates+ http://www.free-power-point-templates.com/outsource-powerpoint-template/ GET uses this work subject to fair use doctrine for educational purpose only in based on its ABOUT: http://www.free-power-point-templates.com/ and Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act. http://www.free-power-point-templates.com/outsource-powerpoint-template/http://www.free-power-point-templates.com/ Copyright Declaration 37