1. Blackadder ICN Prototype T-110.6120 9.10.2012 Jimmy Kjällman Ericsson Research, NomadicLab

2. Blackadder Realizes PURSUIT’s functional model for information-centric networking RendezvousTopology Forwarding Pub/Sub Service Model SId RId Functional scoping Information scoping Dissemination Strategy Recursion

3. Information Structure Scopes, subscopes, information items Information is structured as a directed acyclic graph IDs are (statistically) unique within a scope –(Possibly) self-generated, flat labels –Same ID space for both subscopes and information items “Complete” identifier: Prefix + ID –One or more paths starting from one or more graph’s root(s)

4. Information Structure 00010003 0001 0002 0001 00020003 AAA0AAA1AAA20002 AAA1 Scope Information item AAA2 Information ID : /0003/0002/AAA2 Scope ID : /0001/0001/0001, /0002/0001/0001, /0003/0001/0001 0002 0001 0002 0003 0001 0002 Original slides: George Parisis, Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 2011

5. Core Functions Simplified example Rendezvous Topology Forwarding PS

6. Dissemination Strategies Defines the methods used for implementation (of a scope) –Architectural components –Data formats –Governance structures –Etc. Can be “overridden” for sub-items – if permitted –Strategies have to be aligned Usually engineered at design time Larger problem solutions through the assembly of smaller ones

7. Service Model Publish/Subscribe For example: –publish_scope(id, prefix, strategy) publish_info (id, prefix, strategy) –unpublish_scope(id, prefix, strategy) unpublish_info (id, prefix, strategy) –subscribe_scope(id, prefix, strategy) subscribe_info (id, prefix, strategy) –unsubscribe_scope(id, prefix, strategy) unsubscribe_info (id, prefix, strategy) –publish_data(id, strategy, data, data_len) –getEvent(&event)

8. Blackadder Architecture Click is an external framework that Blackadder uses Topology Manager

9. Background Information: The Click Modular Router Open source platform for building packet processing configurations that consist of connected elements –Language for describing router configurations –Ready-made elements –Libraries for creating new elements as C++ classes Portable code –Kernel and userlevel –Linux, FreeBSD, Mac OS X, etc. Modular design approach –Reuse of elements in different configurations (e.g., in different prototypes or experiments) Basic operation: packets are pushed or pulled between elements

10. Click Router Configuration Example: Ping (nothing to do with Blackadder, just illustrates a Click router) define($DEV eth0, $DADDR 8.8.8.8, $GW $DEV:gw) FromDevice($DEV, SNIFFER false) -> c :: Classifier(12/0800, 12/0806 20/0002) -> CheckIPHeader(14) -> ip :: IPClassifier(icmp echo-reply) -> ping :: ICMPPingSource($DEV, $DADDR) -> SetIPAddress($GW) -> arpq :: ARPQuerier($DEV) -> IPPrint -> q :: Queue -> ToDevice($DEV); arpq[1]-> q; c[1]-> [1] arpq;

11. Blackadder Architecture Topology Manager

12. IPC Element Implements a Netlink socket for receiving pub/sub requests from applications (or an API library) and for sending back pub/sub events and published data –These are sent as messages through the socket –In user space, the IPC element utilizes the selection mechanism provided by Click –In kernel space, the element receives sk_buffs in the context of the running process – buffers are wrapped into Click packets that are later processed by a Click task Everything is asynchronous – like an event-based system

13. API (Service Model): Functions and Messages publish_scope(id, prefix, strategy) publish_info (id, prefix, strategy) unpublish_scope(id, prefix, strategy) unpublish_info (id, prefix, strategy) subscribe_scope(id, prefix, strategy) subscribe_info (id, prefix, strategy) unsubscribe_scope(id, prefix, strategy) unsubscribe_info (id, prefix, strategy) publish_data(id, strategy, data, data_len) (These messages are only used node-internally)

14. API: Events Start Publishing, Stop Publishing New Scope, Deleted Scope Published Data

15. Blackadder Architecture Topology Manager

16. Accessing the network Standard Click elements for network communication –ToDevice and FromDevice for directly sending and receiving Ethernet frames Suitable, e.g., when experimenting over high-speed LANs –RawSocket for sending and receiving IP (UDP) packets over raw sockets Suitable, e.g., when experimenting in the PlanetLab testbed or VPNs IP network used as an underlay

17. Network Packet Format

18. Blackadder Architecture Topology Manager

19. Forwarding Receives packets from the network communication elements –Matches the FID with all outgoing links and forwards the packets –A separate LID is assigned to the “internal link” between the Forwarding element and the Local Proxy Element Implements the notion of destination –Default method: LIPSIN

20. Sample forwarding configurations Click configurations – usually auto-generated Forwarder (MAC, 1, 1, 08:00:00:00:00:01, 08:00:00:00:00:11, 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 1, 08:00:00:00:00:02, 08:00:00:00:00:12, 1000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 2, 08:00:00:00:00:03, 08:00:00:00:00:13, 1000001000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 ); fw[1] -> Queue(1000) -> ToDevice(eth0); fw[2] -> Queue(1000) -> ToDevice(eth1); FromDevice(eth0, SNIFFER false) -> Classifier(12/080a)[0] -> [1]fw; FromDevice(eth1, SNIFFER false) -> Classifier(12/080a)[0] -> [2]fw; Forwarder (IP, 1, 1, 192.168.0.1, 192.168.0.2, 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 1, 192.168.0.1, 192.168.0.6, 1000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 2, 192.168.1.1, 192.168.1.2, 1000001000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 ); fw[1] -> Queue(1000) -> RawSocket(UDP) -> IPClassifier(dst udp port 9999)[0] -> [1]fw; fw[2] -> Queue(1000) -> RawSocket(UDP) -> IPClassifier(dst udp port 9999)[0] -> [2]fw;

21. Blackadder Architecture Topology Manager

22. Local Proxy “The heart of a network node” – everything goes through it Receives all pub/sub requests from applications and other Click elements Keeps track of –Pending subscriptions –Advertised information items (and assigns FIDs) Receives –Published data and notifications about new or deleted scopes Pushes packets to subscribers (applications or Click elements) –Notifications to start or stop publishing data Pushes packets to one (of the potentially many) publishers

23. Local Proxy Applications are identified by the local Blackadder node by their Netlink source address (usually the process ID) Click elements are identified by the outgoing port number (from the Local Proxy to the specific element) These IDs are replaced in all pub/sub requests by a statistically unique Node Label (e.g., hash of MAC address)

24. Blackadder Architecture Topology Manager

25. RV Function The same element runs in all nodes Every node can create an information structure that will be known and maintained by the local RV function Other nodes can send pub/sub requests to that node if they know a path to it Usual scenarios –A network node (its RV function) maintains a local structure for IPC (node-local strategy) –A network node (its RV function) maintains a structure accessible by physical neighbours (link-local strategy) –One or more dedicated RV nodes run in a domain – end hosts know how to reach them (domain-local scenario)

26. RV IPC The RV Element access the world the same way applications do It subscribes to root scope FFFF where all pub/sub requests are published It publishes Topology Formation requests to scope FFFE to which the TM has subscribed Topology formation is required when: –A set of publishers need to be notified with Forwarding IDs that point to a set of subscribers –A set of subscribers need to be notified about a new or deleted scope

27. Blackadder Architecture Topology Manager

28. The Topology Manager An application –Calculates shortest paths in a network  Forwarding information –Uses (e.g.) the igraph library for this How the TM does IPC –Subscribes locally to scope FFFE –Receives requests from the RV node as publications –Publishes responses directly to publishers and subscribers using the Information ID /FFFD/destinationNodeID –Utilizes an implicit rendezvous dissemination strategy where information is published with a specific FID

29. Blackadder Architecture Topology Manager

30. Dissemination Strategies Currently 5 basic strategies are implemented –These strategies are used for choosing the scope of information visibility in a network 1.Node-local –IPC, “localhost” 2.Link-local –Communication with neighbors on a link –Link IDs are provided by applications –Implicit RV or TM functions

31. Dissemination Strategies 3.Broadcast –Similar to link-local, but broadcast to (know) neighbors 4.Domain-local –RV and TM functions involved –End nodes need a FID for contacting the RV node –Publishers get FIDs (to subscribers) for individual information items 5.Implicit rendezvous –FID given in the publish data call –Mainly used by special components (e.g., RV and TM)

32. A Blackadder Network All network nodes run the same software –Blackadder runs in user space or kernel space in the nodes Configurations can be different –End-nodes are configured to have link access (LID) and access to dedicated rendezvous (RV) nodes (with an FID) –Dedicated forwarding nodes run only the forwarding element And other elements if additional functionality is required (e.g. caching) –Dedicated RV and TM nodes Any nodes can be RV nodes – an FID is required to reach them TM nodes run a Topology Manager (TM) application –A deployment tool can be used for generating configuration files and deploying them in a network –Network attachment component for dynamic settings

33. Simple API Example Publisher ba = Blackadder(True) ba.publish_scope(sid, “”, DOMAIN_LOCAL, None) ba.publish_info(rid, sid, DOMAIN_LOCAL, None) ev = Event(); ev.type = 0 while ev.type != START_PUBLISH: ba.getEvent(ev) pass while True: data = raw_input() ba.publish_data(sid+rid, DOMAIN_LOCAL, None, data, len(data)) (This example uses a Python API that is wrapped on top of a C++ API library that translates API calls to messages that are passed through IPC sockets.) Subscriber ba = Blackadder(True) ba.subscribe_info(rid, sid, DOMAIN_LOCAL, None) ev = Event() while True: ba.getEvent(ev) if ev.type == PUBLISHED_DATA: print ev.data[:ev.data_len]

34. Blackadder availability Open source (GPLv2 / BSD) Code, documentation, etc. http://www.fp7-pursuit.eu/ https://github.com/fp7-pursuit/blackadder/ Current release: v0.2.1 (in GitHub) Next release expected soon

35. BLACKADDER DEMO

36. P S1 S2 F Virtual machines running in the laptop Laptop Bridge Multicast forwarding Video stream

37. How it works (roughly) proxy library recv pub send sub library Blackadder RV TM publish scope publish info subscribe info compute paths FID publish data

38. Anything else? Questions? Thank you!