2. Animals

3. Basic reference: Chapters 32 - 35

4. Taxonomy: Kingdom Animalia contains well over 30 phyla basic categories: invertebrates - animals without a backbone vertebrates - animals with a backbone

5. Comparison of numbers….. We’re in the minority!! While vertebrates tend to be larger animals, there are many more species of invertebrates!!

6. Studying Animal Groups….. Typical animal characteristics Review of symmetry Review of invertebrate groups

7. Typical Characteristics of Animals heterotrophs have mobility by way of muscle cells multicellular cell features: eukaryotic diploid (with haploid sex cells) flexible cells that lack cell walls most have cells arranged into tissues property of cell recognition ingest (eat), then digest their food most reproduce sexually

8. most form a blastula during early development, with later development of 3 primary (germ) tissue layers (p. 625)

9. most have a definite body plan *** Structure is related to lifestyle and function. symmetry - arrangement of body parts (see p. 624) Kinds of symmetry: asymmetrical radial symmetry bilateral symmetry  have dorsal and ventral surfaces  have anterior and posterior ends  show cephalization - concentration of nervous tissue at the anterior end of an organism

11. Nature of the Coelom

14. Kinds of symmetry? Identify each of the following organisms as to their symmetry:

15. Porifera Examples: sponges

16. Cnidaria Examples: jellyfish, hydra, sea anemones, and corals

17. Platyhelminthes (flatworms) Examples: planarian, tapeworms, and flukes

18. Nematoda (roundworms) Examples: nematodes, Ascaris, Necator (hookworm), and Trichinella

19. Rotifera Examples: rotifers

20. Mollusca Examples:clams, snails, oysters, octopuses, and cuttlefishes

21. Annelids Examples: earthworms and leeches

22. Arthropoda Examples:insects, arachnids, crustaceans

23. Echinodermata Examples:sea stars, sea urchins, and sand dollars

24. Invertebrate chordates Examples: tunicates and lancelets

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