1. Depth of treatment: Identification of a number of habitats from the selected ecosystem. Practical Activities  Identify any 5 fauna and any 5 flora using simple keys.  Identify a variety of habitats with the selected ecosystem Depth of treatment: Identification and application of collection apparatus available for an ecological study. Practical Activities  Identify and use various apparatus required for collection methods in an ecological study.

2. Ecosystem v Habitat Ecosystems  Hedgerow  Woodland  Rocky Seashore  Grassland  Soil  Old Wall  ECOSYSTEM: Non-living environment + organisms + sun light energy all interacting – a dynamic system  HABITAT: Place where an organism lives Habitats (in a Woodland Ecosystem) : o On leaves o In bark o Under old logs o Burrows in ground o On old logs

3. To make a key - Get all the objects/organisms you want to identify together Divide them into 2 groups – using visible characteristics and record your dividing parameters e.g. 1.Made with metal ------ go to 2 Made of paper/card – go to Then divide each group into subgroups again and again and eventually reaching the individual object/organism. 2. Can hold water --- box Cannot hold water – go to 3 3. Disc shaped ------ coin Long and narrow ---- go to 4 4.Cylinder-like shape – biro Two levers -------scissors 5. Can hold water ---- mug Sits flat on the table --flyer 5 Note that this number can only be inserted after the first half of items have been identified

4. Check the Key – hold any one of the objects in your hand and go through each step – does it work? 1.Made with metal ------ go to 2 Made of paper/card – go to 5 2. Can hold water --- box Cannot hold water – go to 3 3. Disc shaped ------ coin Long and narrow ---- go to 4 4.Cylinder-like shape –---- biro Two levers ----------scissors 5. Can hold water ---- mug Sits flat on the table --flyer Now (in pairs)– you make a key for the animals on your sheet

5. Catching animals

6. 6  Used to extract animals from soil by heating the soil on one side  The animals are driven out of the soil by heat from a lamp and fall through a wire gauze

7. 7  Used for catching flying insects.  The net part should be sufficiently long so that the mouth frame seals off the end of the net which contains the catch when the net is laid flat.

8. 8  Used to collect insects from tall grass  Make sure that length of netting sufficient to allow closure of net with turn of wrist

9. 9  Organisms that live in leaf litter can be extracted by using a sieve with a mesh size of about 5 mm.  Use the sieve over a beating tray or a large sheet of paper.

10. 10  This is a white tray, cotton sheet or large sheet of white paper.  It is placed under a bush or tree branch.  The tree branch is shaken suddenly and vigorously.  Insects and other invertebrates fall onto the tray.

11. 11  A piece of wood or stone which is left on the ground.  After a suitable interval, animals such as slugs, woodlice, centipedes and millipedes will be found underneath.

12. 12  Used to collect small mammals  e.g. mice, voles, etc.

13. 13  Jam jar buried in ground and covered with raised flat stone.  Used to collect ground surface animals insects, nocturnal and diurnal  e.g. spiders, centipedes, woodlice, beetles, etc.

14. 14  Used for picking up very small animals.  Suck through mouthpiece (end of which is covered with muslin) and the animal is taken into jar through the hose