1. Lead in General Industry

2. Applicability v The regulation on lead applies to all occupational exposure to lead, except for the construction industry and agricultural operations 1a

3. Applicability v Definitions LeadLead Action levelAction level Permissible exposure limitPermissible exposure limit 1b

4. Processes that use lead Exposure to lead occurs in at least 120 different occupations including: v Primary and secondary lead smelting v Lead storage battery manufacturing 2a

5. Processes that use lead v Lead pigment manufacturing and use v Solder manufacturing and use v Shipbuilding/repairing 2b

6. Processes that use lead v Auto manufacturing v Printing 2c

7. Exposure monitoring v Initial monitoring Required when lead is present in any quantityRequired when lead is present in any quantity Monitor a representative number of employeesMonitor a representative number of employees The sample must be collected for one full shift for at least 7 hoursThe sample must be collected for one full shift for at least 7 hours 3a

8. Exposure monitoring v Initial monitoring Sample must be representative of a regular, daily exposureSample must be representative of a regular, daily exposure Sample represents an exposure without the use of a respiratorSample represents an exposure without the use of a respirator 3b

9. Exposure monitoring v Positive initial determination v Negative initial determination 3c

10. Exposure monitoring v Frequency of exposure monitoring v Employee notification process 3d

11. Methods of compliance v Engineering controls v Work practice controls v Mechanical ventilation v Administrative controls 4a

12. Respiratory protection v Situations requiring the use of respiratory protection v Selection process v Proper usage of respirators 5a

13. Respiratory protection v Review Appendix D of 1910.1025 (qualitative fit tests) v Respirator program 5b

14. Compliance program v Workers can examine or copy the written program v Written programs are revised/updated every 6 months 6a

15. Compliance program Written programs should include the following items: v Each operation from which lead is emitted v Description of the specific means of reducing exposures 6b

16. Compliance program v Air monitoring data v Detailed schedule of program implementation v Work practice programs 6c

17. Compliance program v Administration control schedule v Other relevant information 6d

18. Protective clothing and equipment v Used if the exposure, regardless of the use of respirators is greater than the PEL, or if skin or eye irritation exists 7a

19. Protective clothing and equipment v Types of protective clothing to be used: CoverallsCoveralls Gloves, hats, shoes, disposable shoe coverletsGloves, hats, shoes, disposable shoe coverlets Face shields, vented goggles, other appropriate protective equipmentFace shields, vented goggles, other appropriate protective equipment 7b

20. Protective clothing and equipment v Protective clothing is provided on a weekly basis, or daily if the exposure is greater than 200 micrograms/cubic meter of air 7c

21. Protective clothing and equipment v Removal of protective equipment at the end of the shift v Designated closed containers 7d

22. Protective clothing and equipment v Container labeling should read: 7e

23. Protective clothing and equipment v Never remove lead from clothing by blowing, shaking, or any other means v Persons who launder must be informed of the potential harmful effects of lead exposure 7f

24. Hygiene facilities and practices v No food or beverage, tobacco products, or cosmetics may be used in areas that exceed the PEL v Change rooms and separate storage facilities for protective clothing 8a

25. Hygiene facilities and practices v Employees working in an area with an exposure level greater than the PEL must shower at the end of the work shift v Procedures for lunchroom use v Lavatory facilities use 8b

26. Housekeeping procedures v Housekeeping procedures can increase the amount of lead exposure v Establish a program that keeps all surfaces clean of accumulations of lead dust 9a

27. Medical surveillance v Medical surveillance is required whenever employees are exposed above the action level for more than 30 days per year 10a

28. Medical surveillance v Medical exams and procedures are done by, or under the supervision of, a licensed physician at no cost to the employee, and at a reasonable place and time 10b

29. Biological monitoring v Sampling frequency 11a

30. Biological monitoring v Employees receive written notification of test results within 5 working days of employer receipt of the results when the blood lead level exceeds either: 11b

31. Biological monitoring v 40 micrograms/100 grams of whole blood; or the v medical removal value of 60 micrograms/per 100 grams of whole blood 11c

32. Medical examinations and consultations v Frequency of examinations/consultations 12a

33. Medical examinations and consultations Medical examinations include: v medical history v work history v thorough physical examination 12b

34. Medical examinations and consultations v blood pressure measurement v blood sample and analysis v routine urinalysis v other tests deemed necessary 12c

35. Medical examinations and consultations v Employees have the right to select a second physician: to review findings, determination, or recommendations of the initial physicianto review findings, determination, or recommendations of the initial physician to conduct examinations, consultations, and lab work that the second physician deems necessaryto conduct examinations, consultations, and lab work that the second physician deems necessary 12d

36. Medical examinations and consultations v Procedures for obtaining a second physician's review and resolving differences in: findingsfindings determinationsdeterminations recommendationsrecommendations 12e

37. Medical examinations and consultations v Findings, determinations, or recommendations of the third physician will be followed unless the employee and employer come to an agreement on one of the three physician’s recommendations 12f

38. Medical examinations and consultations v Information provided to physicians upon request a copy of the regulationa copy of the regulation a description of employee’s dutiesa description of employee’s duties employee exposure levelsemployee exposure levels PPE to be usedPPE to be used prior blood lead determinationsprior blood lead determinations prior written medical opinionsprior written medical opinions 12g

39. Medical examinations and consultations v Information contained in written medical opinions v Chelation 12h

40. Employee medical removal and return to work v Conditions that can cause temporary medical removal v Worker’s return to former job status v Medical removal benefit protection 13a

41. Training v Who needs training? v Types of training v Workers exposed to airborne lead at any level - Review Appendices A and B of 29 CFR 1910.1025 14a

42. Training v Workers exposed to airborne lead at or above the action level v Frequency of training v Training materials 14b

43. Signs and markings v Text for warning signs should read as follows: 15a

44. Recordkeeping v Contents of exposure monitoring records v Procedures for medical surveillance records 16a

45. Recordkeeping v Maintenance of medical removal records v Medical records must be made available to employees 16b

46. Exposure monitoring v All protective measures must be followed v Measurement procedures 17a

47. Exposure monitoring v Employees have a right to observe monitoring v Employees can record results or receive copies of results 17b

48. How lead enters the body v Inhalation v Ingestion v Generally not absorbed through skin 18a

49. Effects of acute overexposure v Large dosages can kill in a matter of days v Acute encephalopathy can lead to seizures, coma, and cardiorespiratory arrest 19a

50. Effects of chronic overexposure Damage to: v Blood-forming system v Nervous system v Kidneys v Urinary system v Reproductive systems 20a

51. Purpose of the standard, program, and training v Prevent adverse effects of lead exposure 21a

52. Signs and symptoms of overexposure v Loss of appetite v Metallic taste v Anxiety v Constipation 22a

53. Signs and symptoms of overexposure v Nausea v Pallor v Excessive tiredness v Weakness 22b

54. Signs and symptoms of overexposure v Insomnia v Headaches v Nervous irritability v Muscle and joint pain or soreness 22c

55. Signs and symptoms of overexposure v Fine tremors v Numbness v Dizziness 22d

56. Signs and symptoms of overexposure v Hyperactivity v Colic 22e

57. Summary of main points v PEL and action level v Exposure monitoring v Methods of compliance v Respiratory protection 23a

58. Summary of main points v Protective work clothing and equipment v Housekeeping v Hygiene facilities and practices v Medical surveillance 23b

59. Summary of main points v Medical removal protection v Training v Warning signs v Recordkeeping 23c

60. Summary of main points v Ways of entry into the body v Signs and symptoms of overexposure v Effects of overexposure 23d