1. Small-Scale Fisheries: Analyzing the conservation methods and laws implemented in Baja California, Mexico Jessica Hernandez

2. Baja California, Mexico  Mexico’s northwestern peninsula  High ecotourism  The location of many tribes such as the Pai Pai and Kiwila, but currently is the major location for the Cucapa tribe.  Cucupa tribe and the inhabitants of the region depend on marine resources- small-scale fisheries

3. Small-Scale Fisheries  Fishermen- personal income and food source for their families and tribes  Alleviate poverty and serve as a food security  Utilize traditional practices and methods that do not involve technological devices or machinery  Small boat or vessels

4. Geographical History  Coastal tribes and individuals who live near the oceans have depended on small-scale fisheries for years  Miniscule economic impact on the country  Mexican government did not enforce laws in small-scale fisheries  2007- Marine scientists determined with evidence that they posed a threat to the accidental capture of endangered species  After 2007- Marine conservationists have been targeting small- scale fisheries

5. Environmental Factors  Eco-tourism  Urbanization to meet the needs of tourism  Overfishing done by large-scale fisheries  El Nino and natural hazards that affect the fish populations

6. Conservation  Small-scale fisheries is sustainable-does not contribute to overfishing.  Bycatch of endagered species like turtles, birds, etc is the only conservation problem caused by fishermen.  More sustainable practices that eliminate bycatch  Ecotourism- economic growth so not much has been done to address this issue.  More fishing laws implemented and enforced by the government  Environmental Economists- workshops for fishermen

7. Political Ecology  Global political ecology- involvement of other countries in the Mexican government and conservation towards small- scale fisheries (Peet)  Separation of nature and society- for many years the individuals who depend on the oceans have been able to balance fishing and the fish populations (Robbins)  Example of positive human interaction  Petro-Violence oceans face (Watts)  Eco-tourism =capitalist approach (Marx)  Conservation and Development

8. Ecological Democracy  Fishermen have the right to advocate laws they do not agree with  Organizations hold meetings for the fishermen to voice their opinions  Fishermen and their communities have not been relocated  Their natural resource is not exploited to yield higher profits  Large-scale fisheries pay higher taxes- fair

9. Assumptions  Maternal tribe depends on small-scale fisheries  Father- as a child was a fisherman-sustained his family  Example of outsiders coming to try to help but being oppressive  United States conservationists corrupting the Mexican government  Making it easier to relocate fishermen so seafood corporations take over  Not being an ecological democracy

10. Conclusion  Helps the fishermen and their people maintain their food and income source  Economic growth for them as well as the country  Helps avoid accidently trapping endangered species that were not meant to capture  Environmental Economic help provided  Inspired by the conservation work done towards small-scale fisheries  Concrete example that indigenous and scientific knowledge can work together-this conclusion led to my current work -Motivated me to establish my own non-profit = Kaknab (Ocean)