1. Online services and Employment AS Applied ICT D Royall

2. Double-edged sword Loss of jobs through automation for manual staff – e.g. shop and bank workers Increased technical jobs – e.g. networks specialists and web designers

3. General areas of unemployment Manufacturing jobs lost through robo technology Clerical jobs replaced with computers Car park attendants replaced with ticket machines Shop workers have lost jobs to e-commerce

4. Repetitiveness and accuracy Robotics allow a great deal of precision and accuracy in manufacturing along with consistency in production Robots can work in dangerous conditions, such as mining, sewers or polluted areas Shopping and banking can be carried out precisely and accurately

5. Time and automation Administration jobs, such as payroll, require a great deal of paperwork and calculation Many administration jobs required huge inputs of data, from shop check outs to banking clerks – all this now automated with better precision The role of developing input methods and devices are now vital in these areas

6. Bank workers Online banking and ATM’s have reduced the need for large numbers of cashiers and clerks Number of cheques being processed is dropping all the time due to electronic transfers

7. Shop workers EPOS has allowed faster check out processing Automated stock and inventory systems has reduced the need for human intervention Ordering goods online could reduce the need for shop workers or at least limit the potential employment opportunities

8. New Jobs New demand for Systems Analysts Designers of Databases / Database Administrators Computer Programmers Network Managers Website designers Computer technicians Help desk and support staff Trainers / Teachers of ICT applications

9. Assignment questions 1.Why do nearly ALL employers now require ICT skills from applicants 1.What new jopb opportunities are there available for residents in developing countries