1. GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN NORTH PACIFIC HERRING POPULATIONS: PAN-PACIFIC COMPARISONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS Reporter : 曾建豪 D.E. Hay, K.A. Rose, J. Schweigert, B.A. Megrey Progress in Oceanography 77 (2008) 233–240

2. Biological characteristic Depth : < 200m Latitude : 35 °N ~ 70 °N Spawn season : spring Hatch : 2~3 weeks Mature : South  2 years North  3-5 years

3. Introduction fundamental properties geographic variation size-at-age spawning time duration of the spawning period recruitment population diversity climate fluctuations

4. Methods and materials- Size-at-age and fecundity data Sources: 1. Wakefield herring symposium in 2000 2. PICES/GLOBEC symposium Asymptotic weight Length at age Fecundity data Recruitment data population diversity

5. Asymptotic weight mean age-specific weight (g) age-specific increments (ASI) of weight (g) linear regression

6. Length at age Age 5, 11populations Age 2-14, 7populations

7. Data

8. western Pacific eastern Pacific

9. Fecundity data fecundity (eggs/g) = dividing the total egg counts (eggs) whole body weight of spawning females (g)

10. Fecundity data Gulf of Alaska British Columbia California

11. Recruitment data British Columbia, Alaska, Bering Sea coefficient of variation of annual recruitment (CVR = mean/SD)

12. CVR British Columbia, age 5 Alaska, age 5

13. CVR Bering Sea, age 4

14. Herring population diversity distinct populations populations per unit of coastline (1000km) complexity of the coastline Arcview Spatial Analysis

15. Data analyses Latitude (length) East-West (weight) ANOVA Mann Whitney test

16. Results Geographic variation- Asymptotic weight western Pacific eastern Pacific Mann-Whitney test

17. Length at age ANOVA northernsouthern

18. Length at age western Pacific eastern Pacific

19. northern regions < 0.4 populations/1000km > 4 populations/1000km population diversity Population diversity Washington State and British Columbia Bering Sea California

20. Area-specific recruitment highest CVRs, greatest range of variability CVR = -15.7 + 0.332 latitude

21. Discussion- Increase in size with latitude individuals smaller lower longevity higher relative fecundity 150 eggs/g, Gulf of Alaska 200 eggs/g, British Columbia 220 eggs/g, California

22. East–West differences in growth and asymptotic weight western Pacific eastern Pacific nutrients continental shelf area gene

23. Population diversity Sea of Okhotsk Yellow Sea

24. Recruitment variation versus spawning duration early, long late, short zooplankton abundance

25. Recruitment variation versus spawning duration high frequency of strong year classes war period (1939–1945)

26. Climate change impacts sardine (Sardinops sagax), anchovy (Engraulis mordax) smaller, non-migratory

27. Climate change impacts San Diego Santa Barbara

28. Thanks for your attention !