1. Bundesamt für Güterverkehr Werderstr. 34 50672 Köln Tel.: 0221/5776-0 FAX: 0221/5776-1777 E-Mail: poststelle@bag.bund.de 1 Inefficient Loading Bay Operations - Challenges and Solutions Presentation by Andreas Marquardt, President of the Federal Office for Goods Transport, at the IRU CTM Session on 8 th November 2012 in Geneva (CH)

2. Bundesamt für Güterverkehr Werderstr. 34 50672 Köln Tel.: 0221/5776-0 FAX: 0221/5776-1777 E-Mail: poststelle@bag.bund.de 2 Agenda 1.Initial Situation 2.Problem Areas 3.Driving and Resting Time Infringements 4.Solution Approaches by Market Participants 5.Concluding Remarks

3. Bundesamt für Güterverkehr Werderstr. 34 50672 Köln Tel.: 0221/5776-0 FAX: 0221/5776-1777 E-Mail: poststelle@bag.bund.de 1. Initial Situation Execution of the study –Focus upon specific industrial sectors, namely foodstuffs and consumer goods trading companies. –Around 150 correspondences with transport companies, freight forwarders, industry and trade companies as well as ports and airports. –Reflexive analysis. General insights –Differences between industrial sectors (e.g. trade companies vs. freight forwarders). –Differences within industrial sectors (e.g. full range vs. part range). –Differences between inbound and distribution logistics.

4. Bundesamt für Güterverkehr Werderstr. 34 50672 Köln Tel.: 0221/5776-0 FAX: 0221/5776-1777 E-Mail: poststelle@bag.bund.de 2. Problem Areas (1) Problematics from the perspective of industry and trade companies: Trucking delays at the loading docks. Truck traffic assimilates in unregulated concentrations at certain daytimes and on certain weekdays. Accumulative peaks in short weeks or at times with a high delivery frequency. Delays due to information deficits amongst freight vehicle operators. Unsuitable or damaging transport materials.

5. Bundesamt für Güterverkehr Werderstr. 34 50672 Köln Tel.: 0221/5776-0 FAX: 0221/5776-1777 E-Mail: poststelle@bag.bund.de 2. Problem Areas (2) Problematics from the perspective of freight hauling and transport providers: Limited resources at the loading and unloading points. Inflexible work and docking times. Insufficient qualification of the storage personnel. Deficit of information, unclear contractual agreements (e.g. in relation to the area of responsibility for loading/unloading). Inadequate internal coordination at the product receiver‘s sites. Pallet swaps.

6. Bundesamt für Güterverkehr Werderstr. 34 50672 Köln Tel.: 0221/5776-0 FAX: 0221/5776-1777 E-Mail: poststelle@bag.bund.de 2. Problem Areas (3) Problematics from the perspective of vehicle operators: Information deficits, unclear performance obligations –Responsibility for loading/unloading the vehicle. –Tense relationship between the orders of the employer and the demands of the goods recipient. Working conditions –Time and appointment pressure due to unscheduled halting and waiting times. –Insufficient social facilities and parking spaces.

7. Bundesamt für Güterverkehr Werderstr. 34 50672 Köln Tel.: 0221/5776-0 FAX: 0221/5776-1777 E-Mail: poststelle@bag.bund.de 7 Source: Federal Office for Goods Transport. Figure: Development of the driving and resting time infringements per controlled vehicle 3. Driving and Resting Time Infringements

8. Bundesamt für Güterverkehr Werderstr. 34 50672 Köln Tel.: 0221/5776-0 FAX: 0221/5776-1777 E-Mail: poststelle@bag.bund.de 8 Interaction Dispatcher Warehouse staff Freight forwarding contract Contract of carriage Loading staff Driver Delivery Contract Freight forwarder Transport company Recipient 4. Solution Approaches by Market Participants (1) Figure: Legally-bound participants of the transport and handling of goods during a business transaction Source: Federal Office for Goods Transport.

9. Bundesamt für Güterverkehr Werderstr. 34 50672 Köln Tel.: 0221/5776-0 FAX: 0221/5776-1777 E-Mail: poststelle@bag.bund.de 4. Solution Approaches by Market Participants (2) Introduction of timeframe management systems Allocation of timeframe appointments in order to smooth daily and weekly cumulative peaks. High acceptance from freight hauling and transport companies. Increasing distribution. But: Problems with the use of timeframes: –Adherence to timeframes. –Compatibility of multiple timeframes. –Pressure upon vehicle operators.

10. Bundesamt für Güterverkehr Werderstr. 34 50672 Köln Tel.: 0221/5776-0 FAX: 0221/5776-1777 E-Mail: poststelle@bag.bund.de 4. Solution Approaches by Market Participants (3) Appointment/Notification Coordination between supply chain participants (e.g. freight haulers arriving in container terminals at seaports). Expansion and flexibility for opening and docking times Utilization of extra docks and personnel, as well as expansion of opening hours around peak times. But: Limited willingness of transport providers and dock operators to extend docking times. Lack of synchronization of docking times. Capacitating measures Expansion of storage, docking and personnel resources. Improvement of parking facilities etc.

11. Bundesamt für Güterverkehr Werderstr. 34 50672 Köln Tel.: 0221/5776-0 FAX: 0221/5776-1777 E-Mail: poststelle@bag.bund.de 5. Concluding Remarks The perceptions of the loading dock problematic by different participants in relation to scope, the causes and the effects vary, yet the existence of the problem is universally recognized. Due to the complexity and variability of the loading dock problematic and company-specific situational problems, there is no universal solution. Solutions need to approach the problem from a variety of angles, and require the concerted efforts of all participants. Communication and cooperation between supply chain participants are the basic prerequisites for the improvement of processes at the loading docks.

12. Bundesamt für Güterverkehr Werderstr. 34 50672 Köln Tel.: 0221/5776-0 FAX: 0221/5776-1777 E-Mail: poststelle@bag.bund.de 12 Thank you for your attention !