1. The Fur Trade Study Guide Review

2. Number 1 What was the reason for First Nations people’s first contact with Europeans? First contact occurred when they traded with explorers fishing for cod off the east coast. P.108

3. Number 2 Did First Nations and Europeans benefit from their early interactions and trade? Both groups benefited from their early interactions and trade but as the fur trade developed, it became less beneficial to First Nations. P.109

5. Number 3 Name the two main French fur trading and shipping centres during the 1600’s. Québec and Montréal P.110

6. Number 4 What major seaway helped develop the fur trade and why? The St. Lawrence. The St. Lawrence river gave access to the trading networks of the Innu, Ouendat and Kichesiprini, which penetrated deep into the prime fur country of North America. P.111

7. The St. Lawrence River

8. Number 5 Who allied with the French during the 1600’s? The Ouendat. P.111

9. Number 6 Describe the location of Quebec as a trading centre. It was on the St. Lawrence and enabled better trade. P.111

10. Number 7 Why did many First Nations peoples accept Christianity? They converted to Christianity for trade and military alliances. P.112 *Many first nations people had little interest in becoming Christians so they followed a blend of Christian and traditional practices.

11. Image from the film Mission of Fear (NFB) 1975

12. Number 8 What was the role of middlemen? The Ouendat became middlemen between the French and First Nations established in the Great Lakes region, such as the Anishinabe. The Ouendat would collect the furs and bring them to the French forts. P.112

13. Number 9 Who were the coureurs de bois? P.112 “Runners of the Woods”, were independent fur traders who traded directly with the First Nations. P.112

14. 1790 TRADING POST by C.W. Jefferys

15. Number 10 What was the French trading strategy? Their trading strategy was to develop direct contact and partnerships with the First Nations peoples. P.117 /113

16. Number 11 Who are the Métis? Where did they settle? The Métis are people of mixed cultural background such as French and First Nations or Scottish and First Nations. They settled in an area called Red River. P.117/123

17. Red River Settlement

18. Number 12 Define portage. To carry their goods on land to avoid rapids, including the canoes and pelts. P.118

19. Number 13 Name the two main fur trading companies. Hudson Bay and North West Company P.121 /130

20. Number 14 After the Treaty of Paris in 1763, Britain took over the fur trade, but what else did they want? They wanted land and farm products. P. 122

21. Number 15 What role did the Métis women play? Metis women were trade and business partners, skilled interpreters, and companions. P.127

22. Number 16 What is pemmican? A staple provided by First Nations to the Europeans. It was a food source made of dried meat, pounded and mixed with berries and fat. P.128

23. Number 17 After years of competition, these two rival companies merged (joined) and were called what? The Hudson’s Bay Company P.130

24. What hat would suit you?

25. Interactive Map Click on the link. Hbc Heritage - Learning Centre - Map - Map

26. HBC Coat of Arms

27. Number 18 Define monopoly. Having control of all resources in an area. P.131

28. Number 19 Why did Britain sell Rupert’s Land to Canada? They were afraid of an American invasion. P.131

29. Number 20 What was the main factor for expanding west and the migration of people westward? The fur trade. P.133

30. 1828 FRAZER RIVER, YALE, B.C. by Sherriff Scott

31. Number 21 What eventually happened to the trading forts after the decline of the fur trade? They became permanent settlements. P.134 (Image - Fort Vancouver)

32. Number 22 Why did the Cree move westward? They moved westward because the buffalo were disappearing in the east. P.134

33. Who are we? We are the ___________! P:\Social 7\4. Chapter Four\We Are The Beaver.ppt